Xie Luke, Bennett Kevin M, Liu Chunlei, Johnson G Allan, Zhang Jeff Lei, Lee Vivian S
Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Dec 1;311(6):F1109-F1124. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2016. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
MRI can provide excellent detail of renal structure and function. Recently, novel MR contrast mechanisms and imaging tools have been developed to evaluate microscopic kidney structures including the tubules and glomeruli. Quantitative MRI can assess local tubular function and is able to determine the concentrating mechanism of the kidney noninvasively in real time. Measuring single nephron function is now a near possibility. In parallel to advancing imaging techniques for kidney microstructure is a need to carefully understand the relationship between the local source of MRI contrast and the underlying physiological change. The development of these imaging markers can impact the accurate diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. This study reviews the novel tools to examine kidney microstructure and local function and demonstrates the application of these methods in renal pathophysiology.
磁共振成像（MRI）能够提供肾脏结构和功能的详细信息。近年来，已开发出新型的磁共振对比机制和成像工具，用于评估包括肾小管和肾小球在内的微观肾脏结构。定量MRI可以评估局部肾小管功能，并能够实时无创地确定肾脏的浓缩机制。测量单个肾单位的功能如今已几乎成为可能。与肾脏微观结构成像技术的进步相并行的是，需要仔细了解MRI对比剂的局部来源与潜在生理变化之间的关系。这些成像标志物的发展会影响肾脏疾病的准确诊断和治疗。本研究回顾了用于检查肾脏微观结构和局部功能的新型工具，并展示了这些方法在肾脏病理生理学中的应用。
