Bailey Caitlin P, Sharma Shanti, Economos Christina D, Hennessy Erin, Simon Caitlin, Hatfield Daniel P
ChildObesity180, The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston Massachusetts USA.
Milken Institute School of Public Health The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Ave NW #2 Washington, DC 20052 USA.
Obes Sci Pract. 2020 Sep 23;6(6):694-707. doi: 10.1002/osp4.445. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Research indicates that most college students are not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines, and the average student gains an estimated 1.6-3.0 kg during 4 years of study. College administrations are well-positioned to influence student weight-related health behaviours by ensuring that campus environments/policies promote health. However, to date, campus health interventions have largely addressed individual and interpersonal factors rather than environmental/policy-level changes. Using an ecological perspective, this narrative review synthesizes the literature on campus environmental/policy-level factors (e.g., food availability, physical activity requirements) associated with student diet, physical activity and weight, as well as campus interventions to address these factors. Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched between December 2018 and November 2019. Results indicate that campus food environments may contribute to overconsumption and weight gain, and the number of campuses requiring students to participate in physical activity courses is in decline. Eight examples of environmental/policy-level campus interventions are presented: nutrition labels in dining halls, campus-wide healthy choice marketing campaigns, restricted payment methods for à la cart dining, trayless dining, health-themed residence halls, peer health education programmes, active classroom spaces and physical activity course requirements. Implications for research and health promotion programmes/policies in the field of college health are discussed.
研究表明，大多数大学生未达到饮食和体育活动指南的要求，且平均每位学生在四年的学习期间体重预计增加1.6至3.0千克。大学管理层有能力通过确保校园环境/政策促进健康，来影响与学生体重相关的健康行为。然而，迄今为止，校园健康干预措施主要针对个人和人际因素，而非环境/政策层面的改变。本叙述性综述采用生态视角，综合了有关与学生饮食、体育活动和体重相关的校园环境/政策层面因素（如食物供应、体育活动要求）的文献，以及针对这些因素的校园干预措施。于2018年12月至2019年11月期间检索了科学网和PubMed数据库。结果表明，校园食物环境可能导致过度消费和体重增加，且要求学生参加体育活动课程的校园数量正在减少。文中列举了八个环境/政策层面的校园干预措施实例：食堂的营养标签、全校范围的健康选择营销活动、单点用餐的支付方式限制、无托盘用餐、健康主题宿舍、同伴健康教育计划、活跃的教室空间以及体育活动课程要求。文中还讨论了对大学健康领域研究及健康促进计划/政策的启示。
