Pazzaglia Mariella, Zantedeschi Marta
Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Neural Plast. 2016;2016:9834340. doi: 10.1155/2016/9834340. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
Knowledge of the body is filtered by perceptual information, recalibrated through predominantly innate stored information, and neurally mediated by direct sensory motor information. Despite multiple sources, the immediate prediction, construction, and evaluation of one's body are distorted. The origins of such distortions are unclear. In this review, we consider three possible sources of awareness that inform body distortion. First, the precision in the body metric may be based on the sight and positioning sense of a particular body segment. This view provides information on the dual nature of body representation, the reliability of a conscious body image, and implicit alterations in the metrics and positional correspondence of body parts. Second, body awareness may reflect an innate organizational experience of unity and continuity in the brain, with no strong isomorphism to body morphology. Third, body awareness may be based on efferent/afferent neural signals, suggesting that major body distortions may result from changes in neural sensorimotor experiences. All these views can be supported empirically, suggesting that body awareness is synthesized from multimodal integration and the temporal constancy of multiple body representations. For each of these views, we briefly discuss abnormalities and therapeutic strategies for correcting the bodily distortions in various clinical disorders.
对身体的认知通过感知信息进行筛选，主要通过先天存储的信息进行重新校准，并由直接的感觉运动信息进行神经介导。尽管有多种信息来源，但对自身身体的即时预测、构建和评估仍会出现偏差。这种偏差的根源尚不清楚。在本综述中，我们考虑了三种可能导致身体认知偏差的意识来源。首先，身体度量的精确性可能基于特定身体部位的视觉和定位感。这一观点提供了关于身体表征的双重性质、有意识身体形象的可靠性以及身体各部分度量和位置对应关系的隐性变化的信息。其次，身体意识可能反映了大脑中一种先天的统一和连续的组织体验，与身体形态并无强烈的同构关系。第三，身体意识可能基于传出/传入神经信号，这表明主要的身体偏差可能源于神经感觉运动体验的变化。所有这些观点都能得到实证支持，这表明身体意识是由多模态整合和多种身体表征的时间恒常性综合而成的。对于上述每种观点，我们简要讨论了各种临床疾病中身体偏差的异常情况及纠正这些偏差的治疗策略。
