McAdam Kevin, Eldridge Alison, Fearon Ian M, Liu Chuan, Manson Andrew, Murphy James, Porter Andrew
Group Research & Development, British American Tobacco (BAT), Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK.
Group Research & Development, British American Tobacco (BAT), Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;82:111-126. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.09.010. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
Cigarettes with reduced circumference are increasingly popular in some countries, hence it is important to understand the effects of circumference reduction on their burning behaviour, smoke chemistry and bioactivity. Reducing circumference reduces tobacco mass burn rate, puff count and static burn time, and increases draw resistance and rod length burned during puff and smoulder periods. Smoulder temperature increases with decreasing circumference, but with no discernible effect on cigarette ignition propensity during a standard test. At constant packing density, mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) tar and nicotine yields decrease approximately linearly with decreasing circumference, as do the majority of smoke toxicants. However, volatile aldehydes, particularly formaldehyde, show a distinctly non-linear relationship with circumference and increases in the ratios of aldehydes to tar and nicotine have been observed as the circumference decreases. Mutagenic, cytotoxic and tumorigenic specific activities of smoke condensates (i.e. per unit weight of condensate) decrease as circumference decreases. Recent studies suggest that there is no statistical difference in mouth-level exposure to tar and nicotine among smokers of cigarettes with different circumferences. Commercially available slim cigarettes usually have changes in other cigarette design features compared with cigarettes with standard circumference, so it is difficult to isolate the effect of circumference on the properties of commercial products. However, available data shows that changes in cigarette circumference offer no discernible change to the harm associated with smoking.
在一些国家，周长减小的香烟越来越受欢迎，因此了解周长减小对其燃烧行为、烟雾化学和生物活性的影响很重要。减小周长会降低烟草质量燃烧速率、抽吸口数和静态燃烧时间，并增加抽吸和阴燃期间的抽吸阻力以及燃烧的烟支长度。阴燃温度随周长减小而升高，但在标准测试中对香烟的点燃倾向没有明显影响。在恒定填充密度下，主流（MS）和侧流（SS）焦油和尼古丁产量大致随周长减小呈线性下降，大多数烟雾毒物也是如此。然而，挥发性醛类，尤其是甲醛，与周长呈现明显的非线性关系，并且随着周长减小，已观察到醛类与焦油和尼古丁的比例增加。烟雾冷凝物的诱变、细胞毒性和致癌比活性（即每单位重量的冷凝物）随周长减小而降低。最近的研究表明，不同周长香烟的吸烟者在口腔水平上接触焦油和尼古丁没有统计学差异。与标准周长的香烟相比，市售细支香烟通常在其他香烟设计特征上有所变化，因此很难分离出周长对商业产品特性的影响。然而，现有数据表明，香烟周长的变化对吸烟相关危害没有明显改变。
