Valavanidis A, Haralambous E
Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece.
Redox Rep. 2001;6(3):161-71. doi: 10.1179/135100001101536274.
Tobacco smoking is the most important extrinsic cause, after the diet, for increasing morbidity and mortality in humans. Unless current tobacco smoking patterns in industrialised and non-industrialised countries change, cigarettes will kill prematurely 10 million people a year by 2025. Greece is at the top of the list of European countries in cigarette consumption. In 1997, a Greek tobacco company introduced a new 'bio-filter' (BF) claiming that it reduces substantially the risks of smoking. In a recent publication [Deliconstantinos G, Villiotou V, Stavrides J. Scavenging effects of hemoglobin and related heme containing compounds on nitric oxide, reactive oxidants and carcinogenic volatile nitrosocompounds of cigarette smoke. A new method for protection against the dangerous cigarette constituents. Anticancer Res 1994; 14: 2717-2726] it was claimed that the new 'bio-filter' (activated carbon impregnated with dry hemoglobin) reduces certain toxic substances and oxidants (like NO, CO, NOx, H2O2, aldehydes, trace elements and nitroso-compounds) in the gas-phase of the mainstream smoke. We have investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) the mainstream and sidestream smoke of the BF cigarette, in comparison with three other cigarettes with similar tar and nicotine contents, that have conventional acetate filters. We found that BF cigarette smoke has similar tar radical species with the same intensity EPR signals to those of the other cigarettes. The ability of the aqueous cigarette tar extracts to produce hydroxyl radicals (HO*), which were spin trapped by DMPO, was very similar to, or even higher than, the other 3 brands. The gas-phase of the mainstream smoke of the BF cigarette showed a 30-35% reduction in the production of oxygen-centered radicals (spin trapped with PBN). In the case of the sidestream smoke, BF cigarettes produced substantially higher concentrations of gas-phase radicals, compared to the other brands. These results suggest that BF is partially effective at removing some of the gas-phase oxidants but not effective in the reduction of tar and its radical species in the mainstream and sidestream smoke. It is well known from epidemiological studies that tar content is strongly associated with increasing risk to smokers of lung cancer. In our experiments, BF cigarettes produce a higher amount of tar and stable free radical species than the other 3 brands in the sidestream smoke (between puffs), thus potentially increasing risk to the smoker and passive smoker.
吸烟是继饮食之后导致人类发病率和死亡率上升的最重要外部因素。除非工业化国家和非工业化国家目前的吸烟模式有所改变，否则到2025年香烟每年将过早夺去1000万人的生命。希腊在欧洲国家香烟消费量排行榜上位居榜首。1997年，一家希腊烟草公司推出了一种新型“生物滤嘴”（BF），声称它能大幅降低吸烟风险。在最近的一篇出版物中[德利康斯坦蒂诺斯G、维利奥托乌V、斯塔夫里德斯J。血红蛋白及相关含血红素化合物对香烟烟雾中一氧化氮、活性氧化剂和致癌挥发性亚硝基化合物的清除作用。一种抵御香烟危险成分的新方法。《抗癌研究》1994年；14：2717 - 2726]称，新型“生物滤嘴”（浸渍有干燥血红蛋白的活性炭）能减少主流烟雾气相中的某些有毒物质和氧化剂（如一氧化氮、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、过氧化氢、醛类、微量元素和亚硝基化合物）。我们通过电子顺磁共振（EPR）研究了BF香烟的主流烟雾和侧流烟雾，并与其他三种焦油和尼古丁含量相似、带有传统醋酸纤维滤嘴的香烟进行了比较。我们发现BF香烟烟雾中的焦油自由基种类与其他香烟相似，EPR信号强度相同。香烟焦油提取物水溶液产生羟基自由基（HO*）的能力（由DMPO自旋捕获）与其他三个品牌非常相似，甚至更高。BF香烟主流烟雾的气相中以氧为中心的自由基产生量减少了30 - 35%（由PBN自旋捕获）。在侧流烟雾的情况下，与其他品牌相比，BF香烟产生的气相自由基浓度要高得多。这些结果表明，BF在去除一些气相氧化剂方面部分有效，但在减少主流烟雾和侧流烟雾中的焦油及其自由基种类方面无效。从流行病学研究中众所周知，焦油含量与吸烟者患肺癌风险的增加密切相关。在我们的实验中，BF香烟在侧流烟雾（抽吸间隔期间）中产生的焦油和稳定自由基种类比其他三个品牌更多，从而可能增加吸烟者和被动吸烟者的风险。
