Ferrara P, Guadagno C, Sbordone A, Amato M, Spina G, Perrone G, Cutrona C, Basile M C, Ianniello F, Fabrizio G C, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Verrotti A, Villani A, Corsello G
Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University Medical School, L.go Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy..
Curr Pediatr Rev. 2016;12(4):301-310. doi: 10.2174/1573396312666160914193357.
Child maltreatment is a complex life experience occurs when a parent or caregiver does an intentional or potential damage to a child, including acts of commission and omission. Child abuse is not an uncommon event, but it is not always recognized. Identifying the real number of maltreated children is a challenge because of the large variability in reported prevalence data across studies. Unfortunately, in the United States, it affects 1 in 8 children, by the age of 18 years, annually. Paediatricians may encounter a variety of forms of maltreatment such as neglect, emotional, physical and sexual abuse. These aspects should be recognised, examined and evaluated by employing a systematic approach and focusing on basic needs of children that may not be met. Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long physical and psychological or psychiatric outcomes. It is associated with important economic and social costs (such as physical and mental health, productivity losses, child welfare, criminal justice and special education costs) due to its high prevalence and its long-term and short-term consequences. In the United States, the average cost of nonfatal maltreatment is $210,012 per children and the cost of fatal maltreatment is $1,272,900. General Practitioners are quite prepared to face the problem of child maltreatment: since they have the opportunity to meet several members of the same family, they can detect stressors that put children at risk of maltreatment. All health professionals have the responsibility to protect children from abuse and neglect.
儿童虐待是一种复杂的生活经历，当父母或照顾者对儿童造成有意或潜在的伤害时就会发生，包括作为和不作为行为。儿童虐待并非罕见事件，但并不总是能被识别出来。由于各项研究报告的患病率数据差异很大，确定受虐待儿童的实际数量是一项挑战。不幸的是，在美国，每年有八分之一的18岁以下儿童受到影响。儿科医生可能会遇到各种形式的虐待，如忽视、情感虐待、身体虐待和性虐待。应通过采用系统方法并关注儿童可能未得到满足的基本需求来认识、检查和评估这些方面。儿童虐待是一个全球性问题，会带来严重的终身身体和心理或精神后果。由于其高患病率及其长期和短期后果，它还会带来重大的经济和社会成本（如身心健康、生产力损失、儿童福利、刑事司法和特殊教育成本）。在美国，非致命虐待的平均成本为每名儿童210,012美元，致命虐待的成本为1,272,900美元。全科医生已做好充分准备应对儿童虐待问题：由于他们有机会接触同一个家庭的多名成员，他们能够发现使儿童面临虐待风险的压力源。所有卫生专业人员都有责任保护儿童免受虐待和忽视。
