Reis Cátia, Mestre Catarina, Canhão Helena, Gradwell David, Paiva Teresa
Centro de Medicina do Sono - CENC, Lisbon, Portugal.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016 Sep;87(9):811-5. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4629.2016.
Sleep and fatigue management is one of the main challenges in airline operations scheduling. Our aim was to compare the differences regarding fatigue, sleep, and labor specificities between the two most common types of flight, short/medium haul (SM-H) and long haul (L-H), in a large sample of airline pilots.
A self-report questionnaire was developed, composed of socio-economic and labor questions, and psychological assessment scales for fatigue and sleep. Associations of these variables and type of flight were tested.
Of the total sample of Portuguese airline pilots (N = 435), 313 (72%) were from SM-H and 122 (28%) were from L-H. For SM-H, the values obtained for sleep complaints were 34.2%, daytime sleepiness 61.6%, and fatigue 93.0%. For L-H, 36.9%, 53.3%, and 84.4%, respectively. Looking at labor variables, the differences between the two types of flights were evident, with SM-H pilots' having statistically significant higher mean values of duty and flight hours, numbers of sectors, and early mornings. Only the mean number of night periods was higher in L-H pilots. All values were reported for 28 consecutive scheduling days.
Night periods and time-zone crossing may explain higher prevalence levels of sleep disturbances in L-H pilots. However, the values for daytime sleepiness were higher in SM-H pilots, which may be attributed to diminished sleep caused by a combination of frequent early starts and long duty periods. Taking into account the large differences between the two types of flights, different regulatory limits should be considered by aviation authorities. Reis C, Mestre C, Canhão H, Gradwell D, Paiva T. Sleep and fatigue differences in the two most common types of commercial flight operations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(9):811-815.
睡眠与疲劳管理是航空运营调度中的主要挑战之一。我们的目的是在大量航空公司飞行员样本中，比较两种最常见航班类型，即短/中程（SM-H）和远程（L-H）之间在疲劳、睡眠和劳动特性方面的差异。
设计了一份自我报告问卷，包括社会经济和劳动问题，以及疲劳和睡眠的心理评估量表。对这些变量与航班类型之间的关联进行了测试。
在葡萄牙航空公司飞行员总样本（N = 435）中，313名（72%）来自短/中程航班，122名（28%）来自远程航班。对于短/中程航班，睡眠投诉值为34.2%，白天嗜睡为61.6%，疲劳为93.0%。对于远程航班，分别为36.9%、53.3%和84.4%。从劳动变量来看，两种航班类型之间的差异很明显，短/中程航班飞行员的执勤和飞行小时数、航段数量以及清晨航班数量的平均值在统计学上显著更高。只有夜间飞行次数的平均值在远程航班飞行员中更高。所有数值均为连续28个排班日的报告数据。
夜间飞行时段和时区跨越可能解释了远程航班飞行员睡眠障碍患病率较高的原因。然而，短/中程航班飞行员白天嗜睡的值更高，这可能归因于频繁的早班出发和较长的执勤时间导致睡眠减少。考虑到两种航班类型之间的巨大差异，航空当局应考虑不同监管限制。雷斯C、梅斯特雷C、坎昂H、格拉德韦尔D、帕伊瓦T。两种最常见商业飞行运营中的睡眠与疲劳差异。《航空航天医学与人类表现》。2016；87(9):811 - 815。
