Pathology Department, VU Medical Centre, VU University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016 Sep;9:110-7. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.011. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
MS is widely considered to be a T cell-mediated disease although T cell immunotherapy has consistently failed, demonstrating distinct differences with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS in which T cell therapies are effective. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that B cells also play key role in MS pathogenesis. The high frequency of oligoclonal antibodies in the CSF, the localization of immunoglobulin in brain lesions and pathogenicity of antibodies originally pointed to the pathogenic role of B cells as autoantibody producing plasma cells. However, emerging evidence reveal that B cells also act as antigen presenting cells, T cell activators and cytokine producers suggesting that the strong efficacy of anti-CD20 antibody therapy observed in people with MS may reduce disease progression by several different mechanisms. Here we review the evidence and mechanisms by which B cells contribute to disease in MS compared to findings in the EAE model.
多发性硬化症（MS）被广泛认为是一种 T 细胞介导的疾病，尽管 T 细胞免疫疗法一直未能成功，这与实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）形成鲜明对比，EAE 是 MS 的动物模型，其中 T 细胞疗法是有效的。越来越多的证据表明 B 细胞也在 MS 发病机制中发挥关键作用。CSF 中寡克隆抗体的高频、免疫球蛋白在脑损伤中的定位以及抗体的致病性最初表明 B 细胞作为产生自身抗体的浆细胞具有致病性。然而，新出现的证据表明 B 细胞还可以作为抗原提呈细胞、T 细胞激活剂和细胞因子产生者，这表明在 MS 患者中观察到的抗 CD20 抗体治疗的强大疗效可能通过几种不同的机制来降低疾病进展。在这里，我们回顾了 B 细胞在 MS 中与 EAE 模型相比促进疾病的证据和机制。
