Petrova Dafina, Garcia-Retamero Rocio, van der Pligt Joop
Universidad de Granada (Spain).
University of Amsterdam (The Netherlands).
Span J Psychol. 2016 Sep 20;19:E52. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2016.50.
When we make risky decisions for others, we tend to follow social norms about risks. This often results in making different decisions for others than we would make for ourselves in a similar situation (i.e., self-other discrepancies). In an experiment, we investigated self-other discrepancies in young adults' decisions to purchase a vaccine against a sexually-transmitted virus for themselves or for another person (i.e., the target of the decision). When the target's preferences were in line with social norms, surrogates showed large self-other discrepancies in line with these norms. When the target's preferences were contrary to social norms, surrogates did not show self-other discrepancies in line with these preferences; instead they still followed social norms, F(1, 140) = 21.45, p < .001, η p 2 = .13. Surrogates with lower numeracy, F(2, 128) = 3.44, p = .035, η p 2 = .05, and higher empathy, F(2, 128) = 3.72, p = .027, η p 2 = .06, showed self-other discrepancies more in line with the target's preferences, even when these were contrary to the norm. Surrogates whose own risk attitudes were contrary to social norms showed larger self-other discrepancies, F(1, 128) = 5.38, p = .022, η p 2 = .04. These results demonstrate that perceived social norms about risk can predict self-other discrepancies in risky decisions, even when the target's preferences are known and at odds with the social norm. Further, the surrogates' numeracy, empathy, and propensity to take risks influence the extent to which risky decisions for others resemble risky decisions for oneself.
当我们为他人做出风险决策时，我们倾向于遵循关于风险的社会规范。这通常会导致我们为他人做出的决策与在类似情况下为自己做出的决策不同（即自我-他人差异）。在一项实验中，我们调查了年轻人为自己或他人（即决策对象）购买预防性传播病毒疫苗的决策中的自我-他人差异。当决策对象的偏好符合社会规范时，代理人表现出与这些规范一致的较大自我-他人差异。当决策对象的偏好与社会规范相悖时，代理人并未表现出与这些偏好一致的自我-他人差异；相反，他们仍然遵循社会规范，F(1, 140) = 21.45，p <.001，ηp2 =.13。算术能力较低的代理人，F(2, 128) = 3.44，p =.035，ηp2 =.05，以及同理心较强的代理人，F(2, 128) = 3.72，p =.027，ηp2 =.06，表现出更符合决策对象偏好的自我-他人差异，即使这些偏好与规范相悖。自身风险态度与社会规范相悖的代理人表现出更大的自我-他人差异，F(1, 128) = 5.38，p =.022，ηp2 =.04。这些结果表明，即使决策对象的偏好已知且与社会规范不一致，感知到的关于风险的社会规范仍能预测风险决策中的自我-他人差异。此外，代理人的算术能力、同理心和冒险倾向会影响为他人做出的风险决策与为自己做出的风险决策的相似程度。
