Furukawa M, Kamide M, Ohkado T, Umeda R
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan.
Auris Nasus Larynx. 1989;16(1):33-8. doi: 10.1016/s0385-8146(89)80005-7.
The electro-olfactogram (EOG) is a potential originated in olfactory epithelium evoked by odorous stimulation, which has been demonstrated and termed by Ottoson (1959). In order to ascertain the clinical application of EOG, we attempted to record similar potentials in human subjects. In some preliminary experiments using rabbits, it was quite easy to produce Ottoson's findings. In human subjects, however, there were sometimes great technical difficulties owing to the hidden anatomical position of the olfactory epithelium. Then we utilized Olympus selfoscope endoscopy for placing and retaining the electrode to the olfactory portion precisely and safely, with a tube for sending airborne odor. As results, we succeeded in recording negative spike discharge similar to Ottoson's findings. We examined a total of 27 nasal cavities in 22 patients with peripheral olfactory disorders and 11 nasal cavities in 12 patients with central olfactory disorders. The positive EOG rate in patients with peripheral or central olfactory disorders was 28 and 69%, respectively. Moreover, the positive rate was decreased in proportion to the degree of olfactory disorders in chronic rhinosinusitis. No positive EOG was observed in anosmic nasal cavities, while it was 68% in normal persons and resulted in an equal value to anosmia group caused by the damage of central olfactory pathway. From these results, it is considered that the positive EOG study is the only method which provides objective finding for the differential diagnosis of anosmia caused by disorders of olfactory epithelium or disorders of central olfactory tract.
嗅觉电图（EOG）是一种由气味刺激诱发产生于嗅上皮的电位，由奥托松（1959年）证实并命名。为了确定EOG的临床应用，我们试图在人体受试者中记录类似的电位。在一些使用兔子的初步实验中，很容易重现奥托松的研究结果。然而，在人体受试者中，由于嗅上皮解剖位置较深，有时会遇到很大的技术困难。然后我们利用奥林巴斯纤维鼻咽喉镜，将电极精确、安全地放置并固定在嗅觉部位，同时使用一根管子输送空气传播的气味。结果，我们成功记录到了与奥托松研究结果相似的负向尖峰放电。我们共检查了22例周围性嗅觉障碍患者的27个鼻腔和12例中枢性嗅觉障碍患者的11个鼻腔。周围性或中枢性嗅觉障碍患者的EOG阳性率分别为28%和69%。此外，慢性鼻窦炎患者的阳性率随嗅觉障碍程度的加重而降低。嗅觉缺失的鼻腔未观察到EOG阳性，而正常人的阳性率为68%，与中枢性嗅觉通路受损导致的嗅觉缺失组结果相当。从这些结果来看，EOG阳性研究是唯一一种能为鉴别由嗅上皮疾病或中枢性嗅束疾病引起的嗅觉缺失提供客观依据的方法。
