Apter A J, Gent J F, Frank M E
Department of Medicine, Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Sep;125(9):1005-10. doi: 10.1001/archotol.125.9.1005.
To characterize the relationship between allergic rhinitis, the severity and duration of nasal disease, olfactory function, and self-reported olfactory symptoms, including fluctuations or distortions in odor perception.
Assessment of olfactory function and symptoms of 90 patients with allergic rhinitis.
A clinic of a university teaching hospital and research facility.
Sixty patients who presented to the Taste and Smell Clinic who had positive allergy test results and 30 patients who presented to the Allergy-Immunology Clinic. The Taste and Smell Clinic patients were grouped by nasal-sinus disease status (30 without chronic rhinosinusitis or nasal polyps, 14 with chronic rhinosinusitis but without polyps, and 16 with nasal polyps).
Subjective olfactory symptom questionnaire and objective olfactory function tests.
The Allergy-Immunology Clinic patients were diagnosed as being normosmic and the Taste and Smell Clinic patients as being hyposmic or anosmic with olfactory loss that increased significantly with nasal-sinus disease severity. Comparisons with normative data confirm that olfactory scores observed in all groups were significantly lower than expected because of the aging process alone. The self-reported duration of olfactory loss increased significantly with nasal-sinus disease severity. The Taste and Smell Clinic patients without chronic rhinosinusitis or nasal polyps reported the greatest incidence of olfactory distortions and olfactory loss associated with upper respiratory tract infections.
There appears to be a continuum of duration and severity of olfactory loss in allergic rhinitis that parallels increasing severity of nasal-sinus disease. As a result of the increased frequency of respiratory infection associated with allergic rhinitis, these patients are at risk for damage to the olfactory epithelium.
描述变应性鼻炎、鼻部疾病的严重程度和持续时间、嗅觉功能以及自我报告的嗅觉症状（包括气味感知的波动或扭曲）之间的关系。
对90例变应性鼻炎患者的嗅觉功能和症状进行评估。
一所大学教学医院和研究机构的门诊。
60例就诊于味觉与嗅觉门诊且过敏试验结果呈阳性的患者，以及30例就诊于过敏免疫门诊的患者。味觉与嗅觉门诊的患者按鼻窦疾病状态分组（30例无慢性鼻-鼻窦炎或鼻息肉，14例有慢性鼻-鼻窦炎但无息肉，16例有鼻息肉）。
主观嗅觉症状问卷和客观嗅觉功能测试。
过敏免疫门诊的患者被诊断为嗅觉正常，而味觉与嗅觉门诊的患者被诊断为嗅觉减退或嗅觉丧失，且嗅觉丧失随着鼻窦疾病严重程度的增加而显著加重。与正常数据的比较证实，所有组观察到的嗅觉评分均显著低于仅因衰老过程所预期的评分。自我报告的嗅觉丧失持续时间随着鼻窦疾病严重程度的增加而显著增加。味觉与嗅觉门诊中无慢性鼻-鼻窦炎或鼻息肉的患者报告的嗅觉扭曲和与上呼吸道感染相关的嗅觉丧失发生率最高。
变应性鼻炎中嗅觉丧失的持续时间和严重程度似乎存在一个连续谱，与鼻窦疾病严重程度的增加平行。由于变应性鼻炎相关的呼吸道感染频率增加，这些患者有嗅觉上皮受损的风险。
