Ademola Isaiah O, Odeniran Paul O
a Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo , Nigeria.
Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec;55(1):132-138. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1230878. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
Control of African trypanosomiasis relies on chemotherapy, but the development of resistance and the problem of drug residues require research for alternatives. Triterpenes and phenolics, the major constituents of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer (Pleurotaceae), are reported to be effective against trypanosomiasis.
Trypanocidal effect of whole Pleurotus sajor-caju aqueous extract was investigated in vivo against Trypanosoma congolense.
Mice (25-32 g) were divided into seven groups of six animals. Mice in groups A-F received 2.5 × 10 trypanosomes, while group G was uninfected. Extracts (100-250 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days to groups A-D while diminazine aceturate (group E) and normal saline (group F) served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Parasitemia, survival time, body weight and haematological parameters were monitored for 60 days post-treatment.
Parasitemia decreased significantly (p < 0.01) post-treatment with 200 and 250 mg/kg of the extract and became undetectable by day 16 and 12 post-infection, respectively; the ED was 221.5 mg/kg. The packed cell volume (PCV) and the weight of mice treated with 250 mg/kg extract were 46.20 ± 2.6% and 32.05 ± 3.63 g, respectively, which is higher than the group treated with diminazine aceturate. The mean survival time of animals in groups D and E was >60 days, while that of group F was <4 days. Differential leucocyte count on day 68 post-infection in groups C, D and E were not significantly different.
Pleurotus sajor-caju therefore could be a potential source of new trypanocidal drugs.
非洲锥虫病的控制依赖于化疗，但耐药性的产生以及药物残留问题需要研究替代方法。据报道，糙皮侧耳（糙皮侧耳属，侧耳科）的主要成分三萜类化合物和酚类物质对锥虫病有效。
研究糙皮侧耳全菌水提取物对刚果锥虫的体内杀锥虫作用。
将体重25 - 32克的小鼠分为七组，每组六只。A - F组小鼠接种2.5×10个锥虫，G组未感染。A - D组小鼠腹腔注射提取物（100 - 250毫克/千克），持续5天，而乙酰氨基二嗪（E组）和生理盐水（F组）分别作为阳性和阴性对照。治疗后60天监测寄生虫血症、存活时间、体重和血液学参数。
用200和250毫克/千克提取物治疗后，寄生虫血症显著降低（p < 0.01），分别在感染后第16天和第12天检测不到；半数有效剂量为221.5毫克/千克。用250毫克/千克提取物治疗的小鼠的红细胞压积（PCV）和体重分别为46.20±2.6%和32.05±3.63克，高于用乙酰氨基二嗪治疗的组。D组和E组动物的平均存活时间>60天，而F组<4天。感染后第68天，C组、D组和E组的白细胞分类计数无显著差异。
因此，糙皮侧耳可能是新型杀锥虫药物的潜在来源。
