喀麦隆中心大区约科省自然感染动物中的冈比亚锥虫二硝乙酰替苯胺抗性株的分子鉴定。
Molecular identification of diminazene aceturate-resistant strains of Trypanosoma congolense in naturally infected domestic animals of Yoko in the centre region of Cameroon.
机构信息
Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
University of Bamenda, Cameroon.
出版信息
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2020 Apr;20:100405. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100405. Epub 2020 Mar 28.
African animal trypanosomiases (AAT) remain the major constraint for livestock production, agriculture and food security in Africa. Although several control measures have been developed to fight AAT, the use of trypanocides remains the main strategy in most affected poor and rural communities. However, several studies have highlighted drug-resistant-trypanosome infections in many African countries, though this phenomenon is still not well described. This study aims to detect trypanosome species and the molecular profiles of drug-resistant-trypanosomes in naturally infected domestic animals of Yoko in the centre region of southern Cameroon. Therefore, in October 2017, 348 animals were blood sampled. The level of packed cell volume (PCV) was evaluated in each animal and trypanosome infections were investigated with the capillary tube centrifugation technique (CTC). Thereafter, DNA was extracted from blood samples and different trypanosome species were identified by PCR. The resistant/sensitive molecular profiles of trypanosomes for diminazene aceturate (DA) and isometamidium chloride (ISM) were investigated by PCR-RFLP. About 18.4% (64/348) of animals analyzed by PCR were found with trypanosome infections including Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma brucei s.l. and Trypanosoma congolense forest and savannah. Trypanosoma congolense savannah was the predominant species with an infection rate of 15.2%. Between villages, significant (p˂0.0001) differences were found in the overall trypanosome infection rates. No molecular profile for ISM resistant-trypanosomes was identified. Conversely, about 88.9% (40/45) of T. congolense positive samples have shown molecular profiles of DA-resistant strains while the remaining 11.1% (5/45) showed mixed molecular profiles of resistant/sensitive strains. Results showed that the molecular profiles of DA-resistant strains of T. congolense in domestic animals of Yoko were widespread. This data needs to be confirmed by testing in vivo the drug susceptibilities of the trypanosome strains herein detected. In conclusion, appropriate future control measures are required. In addition to the intensification of vector control, ISM is advised for the treatment of animals infected by trypanosomes.
非洲动物锥虫病（AAT）仍然是非洲畜牧业、农业和粮食安全的主要制约因素。尽管已经开发了几种控制措施来对抗 AAT，但在大多数受影响的贫困和农村社区中，使用杀锥虫剂仍然是主要策略。然而，尽管这种现象尚未得到很好的描述，但已有多项研究强调了非洲许多国家的耐药锥虫感染。本研究旨在检测喀麦隆中南部约科地区自然感染家畜中的锥虫种类和耐药锥虫的分子特征。因此，在 2017 年 10 月，对 348 只动物进行了采血。评估了每只动物的红细胞压积（PCV）水平，并通过毛细管离心技术（CTC）检测锥虫感染。然后，从血液样本中提取 DNA，并通过 PCR 鉴定不同的锥虫种类。通过 PCR-RFLP 检测了达米嗪乙酰脲（DA）和异咪胍氯化物（ISM）对锥虫的耐药/敏感分子特征。通过 PCR 分析的 348 只动物中，约有 18.4%（64/348）感染了锥虫，包括锥虫 vivax、锥虫布鲁斯 s.l.和锥虫刚果森林和草原。锥虫刚果草原是主要的流行种，感染率为 15.2%。在村庄之间，总体锥虫感染率存在显著差异（p˂0.0001）。未鉴定出 ISM 耐药锥虫的分子特征。相反，大约 88.9%（40/45）的 T. congolense 阳性样本显示出 DA 耐药株的分子特征，而其余 11.1%（5/45）显示出耐药/敏感株的混合分子特征。结果表明，在约科的家畜中，广泛存在 T. congolense 的 DA 耐药株的分子特征。需要通过检测此处检测到的锥虫株的药物敏感性来验证该数据。总之，需要采取适当的未来控制措施。除了加强媒介控制外，还建议使用 ISM 治疗感染锥虫的动物。
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