Castelfranchi Cristiano
ISTC-CNR & Uninettuno, Rome, Italy.
Springerplus. 2016 Sep 20;5(1):1617. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3205-2. eCollection 2016.
A theory of the Value/Utility of information and knowledge (K) is not really there. This would require a theory of the centrality of Goals in minds, and of the role of K relative to Goals and their dynamics. K value is a notion relative to Goal value. Inf/K is precisely a resource, a means and the value of means depends on the value of their possible functions and uses. The claim of this paper is that Ks have a Value and Utility, they can be more or less 'precious'; they have a cost and imply some risks; they can be not only useful but negative and dangerous. We also examine the 'quality' of this resource: its reliability; and its crucial role in goal processing: activating goals, abandoning, choosing, planning, formulating intentions, decide to act. 'Relevance theory', Information theory, Epistemic Utility theory, etc. are not enough for providing a theory of the Value/Utility of K. And also truthfulness is not 'the' Value of K. Even true information can be noxious for the subject.
关于信息和知识（K）的价值/效用的理论实际上并不存在。这需要一个关于目标在思维中的核心地位的理论，以及K相对于目标及其动态变化的作用的理论。K的价值是一个相对于目标价值的概念。信息/知识（Inf/K）确切地说是一种资源、一种手段，而手段的价值取决于其可能的功能和用途的价值。本文的观点是，知识具有价值和效用，它们或多或少是“珍贵的”；它们有成本并意味着一些风险；它们不仅可能有用，也可能是负面的和危险的。我们还研究了这种资源的“质量”：其可靠性；以及它在目标处理中的关键作用：激活目标、放弃目标、选择目标、规划目标、制定意图、决定行动。“关联理论”、信息论、认知效用理论等不足以提供一个关于知识的价值/效用的理论。而且真实性也不是知识的“唯一”价值。即使是真实的信息对主体也可能是有害的。
