Daouda Faye, Aïda Kanouté, Mbacké Lo Cheikh, Mamadou Mbaye
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Dakar, Senegal.
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016 Aug;6(Suppl 2):S105-10. doi: 10.4103/2231-0762.189736.
Dental caries is frequently observed in children, particularly among those residing in developing countries. The most adapted strategies against this pathology remains prevention based on information, education, and communication (IEC), as well as on early diagnosis and treatment. We carried out a study that aimed to analyze the development of dental caries in a cohort of school children followed during their primary education. The objective was to assess the evolution of the dental status of a cohort of students during their elementary curriculum.
A cohort of school children was followed during 6 years from the first grade to the sixth grade. Monitoring of these school children focused every year on IEC based on learning methods of brushing messages, dietary advice, systematic visits, fluoride use, and primary dental care. During the school year, the students were periodically subjected to education and communication briefings (IEC). Primary care consisted of extracting and descaling rhizalyzed teeth in the same period. The data from this review were collected using the World Health Organization questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed with the software Epi-info version 6.04 d.
The mean age of the 171 school children was 6 years in the first grade and 11 years in the sixth grade. In the first grade, the decayed permanent teeth prevalence was 31.6% and the In permanent teeth: Decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMF/T) was 0.47. The decayed primary teeth prevalence was 75% and the in primary teeth: decayed or filled teeth (df/t) 2.23. In the sixth year, the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth was 51% and DMF/T 0.36 whereas the decayed primary teeth prevalence was 12% and the df/t was 0.19. The prevalence of decayed permanent teeth increased from 31.6 to 51% whereas the mean DMF/T was not statistically different between school children of the first and sixth grade class.
The promotion of oral health by IEC messages and monitoring of children constitute an effective preventive method for children's oral care.
龋齿在儿童中很常见，尤其是在发展中国家的儿童中。针对这种病理状况最适用的策略仍然是基于信息、教育和宣传（IEC）以及早期诊断和治疗的预防措施。我们开展了一项研究，旨在分析一群小学生在小学教育期间龋齿的发展情况。目的是评估一群学生在小学课程期间牙齿状况的演变。
一群小学生从一年级到六年级被跟踪随访6年。对这些小学生的监测每年都集中在基于刷牙信息学习方法、饮食建议、定期检查、使用氟化物和初级牙科护理的IEC上。在学年期间，学生们定期接受教育和宣传简报（IEC）。初级护理包括在同一时期拔除和刮治牙根已吸收的牙齿。本次综述的数据使用世界卫生组织问卷收集，并使用Epi-info 6.04 d版软件进行统计分析。
171名小学生的平均年龄在一年级时为6岁，六年级时为11岁。在一年级时，恒牙龋患病率为31.6%，恒牙龋失补牙面数（DMF/T）为0.47。乳牙龋患病率为75%，乳牙龋补牙面数（df/t）为2.23。在六年级时，恒牙龋患病率为51%，DMF/T为0.36，而乳牙龋患病率为12%，df/t为0.19。恒牙龋患病率从31.6%上升到51%，而一年级和六年级学生的平均DMF/T在统计学上没有差异。
通过IEC信息促进口腔健康以及对儿童的监测是儿童口腔护理的一种有效预防方法。
