Schienle Anne, Übel Sonja, Wabnegger Albert
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2017 Mar 1;12(3):445-451. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsw144.
Cognitive reappraisal and placebo administration constitute two different approaches for modulating one's own emotional state. Whereas reappraisal is an explicit (effortful) type of self-regulation, placebo treatment initiates implicit processes of affective control. The brain mechanisms underlying these processes have not been directly compared with each other up until now; doing this enables the identification of distinct and shared neuronal features. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with 45 women, who were presented with disgusting and neutral images in a block design, at three experimental sessions, over 3 consecutive days. They were asked to passively view the images in one session, engage in reappraisal in another, and in another session they received a placebo pill: a disgust-reducing 'anti-nausea drug'. Relative to passive viewing, both reappraisal and placebo treatment effectively reduced the experienced disgust intensity. In the placebo condition, this reduction was associated with decreased activation of the insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In contrast, reappraisal induced increased activation in both regions. Furthermore, both regulation strategies were associated with opposite patterns of connectivity in a network encompassing the amygdala, the insula and the DLPFC. Only placebo administration led to a reduced coupling in this network.
认知重评和安慰剂给药是调节自身情绪状态的两种不同方法。重评是一种明确的（需要努力的）自我调节方式，而安慰剂治疗则启动情感控制的隐性过程。到目前为止，这些过程背后的大脑机制尚未直接相互比较；这样做能够识别不同的和共享的神经元特征。我们对45名女性进行了一项功能磁共振成像研究，她们在连续3天的三个实验环节中，以区组设计观看恶心和中性的图像。要求她们在一个环节中被动观看图像，在另一个环节中进行重评，在另一个环节中服用安慰剂药丸：一种减轻恶心的“抗恶心药物”。相对于被动观看，重评和安慰剂治疗均有效降低了体验到的恶心强度。在安慰剂条件下，这种降低与脑岛和背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）的激活减少有关。相比之下，重评在这两个区域均引起激活增加。此外，两种调节策略在一个包含杏仁核、脑岛和DLPFC的网络中与相反的连接模式相关。只有安慰剂给药导致该网络中的耦合减少。
