Eremeev V Ia, Rabotnikova L V
Gig Sanit. 1989 May(5):12-5.
The longitudinal survey of schoolchildren's physical development was undertaken for 4 years with the 6-month interval. The schoolchildren of the 4th-7th grades were examined compared to swimmers of the same age (30 boys and 30 girls, 120 children all together). As a result nonuniform increase of growth and weight indicators, those of breast circumference and excursion, vital capacity and hand strength was established. The indicators' increase depended on age, sex, regime of motor activity and time of the year. because of girls' earlier puberty by the age of 12 they went ahead of boys by anthropometric indicators but by the age of 14 boys were again ahead of girls by all the indicators of their physical development. The highest growth of all morphologic indicators in sportsmen and others was established during the period from April till October, i.e., in spring and in summer. Regular swimming lessons promoted not only better physical but also harmonious development of adolescents. At the same time relatively early specialization in swimming hindered girls' puberty, especially at the age of 13. Thus it was necessary to set standards for physical load and to assess body functional capacity taking account not only of actual but also biological age.
对学童身体发育进行了为期4年的纵向调查，间隔为6个月。对四至七年级的学童进行了检查，并与同龄游泳运动员（30名男孩和30名女孩，共120名儿童）进行了比较。结果发现，身高、体重、胸围、呼吸差、肺活量和握力等指标的增长并不一致。这些指标的增长取决于年龄、性别、运动活动方式和一年中的时间。由于女孩青春期较早，到12岁时，她们在人体测量指标上超过了男孩，但到14岁时，男孩在身体发育的所有指标上又超过了女孩。运动员和其他人所有形态指标的最高增长出现在4月至10月期间，即春季和夏季。定期游泳课不仅促进了青少年身体的更好发育，还促进了他们的和谐发展。与此同时，相对较早地专门从事游泳阻碍了女孩的青春期发育，尤其是在13岁时。因此，有必要制定体育负荷标准，并在评估身体功能能力时不仅考虑实际年龄，还要考虑生物学年龄。
