Geladas N D, Nassis G P, Pavlicevic S
Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistassis Street, 17237 Daphne, Greece.
Int J Sports Med. 2005 Mar;26(2):139-44. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-817862.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between anthropometry, physical capacity, and sprint swimming performance in swimmers of both genders aged 12 - 14 years old. Anthropometric characteristics (body height and mass, total upper extremity, hand and foot lengths, chest circumference, certain body breadths, and skinfolds), as well as leg explosiveness (horizontal jump) and arm strength (handgrip strength test) were evaluated in 263 competitive swimmers (178 boys and 85 girls) aged 12 - 14 years. Skeletal age was assessed with the Tanner-Whitehouse method. All variables, except for the ankle and shoulder flexibility as well as the skeletal age, correlated with 100 m freestyle performance in boys (r = - 0.46 to - 0.73, p < 0.01). Using a split-sample approach, upper extremity length, horizontal jump, and grip strength were detected as significant predictors of 100 m freestyle performance in boys (R (2) = 0.59, p < 0.01). In girls, body height, upper extremity and hand length, shoulder flexibility, and horizontal jump were all significantly related to 100 m freestyle time (r = - 0.22 to - 0.31, p < 0.05) but the degree of association was markedly lower than in boys. In addition, only 17 % of the variance in performance was explained by a combination of body height, hand length, and horizontal jump in girls. These results suggest that 100 m freestyle performance can be partially explained by anthropometry and physical capacity tests in young swimmers. The contribution of these factors to sprint swimming performance is different in boys and girls and this requires further research. These findings could be used for male young swimmers' selection.
本研究的目的是探讨12至14岁男女游泳运动员的人体测量学、身体能力与短距离游泳成绩之间的关系。对263名12至14岁的竞技游泳运动员（178名男孩和85名女孩）进行了人体测量学特征（身高、体重、上肢总长、手和脚的长度、胸围、特定身体宽度及皮褶厚度）以及腿部爆发力（立定跳远）和手臂力量（握力测试）的评估。采用坦纳-怀特豪斯方法评估骨骼年龄。除了脚踝和肩部柔韧性以及骨骼年龄外，所有变量均与男孩的100米自由泳成绩相关（r = -0.46至-0.73，p < 0.01）。采用拆分样本方法，发现上肢长度、立定跳远和握力是男孩100米自由泳成绩的显著预测因素（R (2) = 0.59，p < 0.01）。在女孩中，身高、上肢和手的长度、肩部柔韧性和立定跳远均与100米自由泳时间显著相关（r = -0.22至-0.31，p < 0.05），但关联程度明显低于男孩。此外，女孩的身高、手的长度和立定跳远三者综合起来仅解释了17%的成绩方差。这些结果表明，人体测量学和身体能力测试可以部分解释年轻游泳运动员的100米自由泳成绩。这些因素对短距离游泳成绩的贡献在男孩和女孩中有所不同，这需要进一步研究。这些发现可用于男性年轻游泳运动员的选拔。
