Zawadzka Katarzyna, Higham Philip A, Hanczakowski Maciej
Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University.
Psychology, University of Southampton.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Apr;43(4):552-564. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000321. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
Two-alternative forced-choice recognition tests are commonly used to assess recognition accuracy that is uncontaminated by changes in bias. In such tests, participants are asked to endorse the studied item out of 2 presented alternatives. Participants may be further asked to provide confidence judgments for their recognition decisions. It is often assumed that both recognition decisions and confidence judgments in 2-alternative forced-choice recognition tests depend on participants' assessments of a difference in strength of memory evidence supporting the 2 alternatives-the relative account. In the present study we focus on the basis of confidence judgments and we assess the relative account of confidence against the absolute account of confidence, by which in assigning confidence participants consider only strength of memory evidence supporting the chosen alternative. The results of the study show that confidence in 2-alternative forced-choice recognition decisions is higher when memory evidence is stronger for the chosen alternative and also when memory evidence is stronger for the unchosen alternative. These patterns of results are consistent with the absolute account of confidence in 2-alternative forced-choice recognition but they are inconsistent with the relative account. (PsycINFO Database Record
二选一强制选择识别测试通常用于评估不受偏差变化影响的识别准确性。在这类测试中，参与者要从两个呈现的选项中选出已学习的项目。参与者可能还会被要求对其识别决策给出信心判断。人们通常认为，二选一强制选择识别测试中的识别决策和信心判断都取决于参与者对支持两个选项的记忆证据强度差异的评估——即相对解释。在本研究中，我们关注信心判断的依据，并通过将信心的相对解释与绝对解释进行对比来评估信心，在绝对解释中，参与者在赋予信心时仅考虑支持所选选项的记忆证据强度。研究结果表明，在二选一强制选择识别决策中，当支持所选选项的记忆证据更强时，以及当支持未选选项的记忆证据更强时，信心都会更高。这些结果模式与二选一强制选择识别中信心的绝对解释一致，但与相对解释不一致。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
