Voskuilen Chelsea, Ratcliff Roger, McKoon Gail
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2018 Jan;44(1):1-23. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000425. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
We examined the effects of aging on performance in an item-recognition experiment with confidence judgments. A model for confidence judgments and response time (RTs; Ratcliff & Starns, 2013) was used to fit a large amount of data from a new sample of older adults and a previously reported sample of younger adults. This model of confidence judgments allows us to distinguish between changes evidence from memory and changes in decision-related components and it accounts for both RT distributions and response proportions. Older adults took longer to respond than younger adults, older adults exhibited a small decrease in the strength of evidence from memory compared with younger adults and a slight bias toward judging items as "old." The difference in RTs between the 2 age groups was primarily explained by the difference in the nondecision component. Although our small sample size makes the general conclusions about aging tentative, the results are consistent with other research examining the effects of aging in two-choice RT tasks and response-signal tasks, and the study demonstrates that confidence judgment choice proportion and RT distribution data from older adults can be fit with the response time and confidence 2 (RTCON2) model. (PsycINFO Database Record
我们在一项带有信心判断的项目识别实验中考察了衰老对表现的影响。使用一种信心判断和反应时间（RTs；拉特克利夫和斯塔恩斯，2013）模型来拟合来自一组新的老年人样本以及先前报道的一组年轻人样本的大量数据。这种信心判断模型使我们能够区分来自记忆的证据变化和与决策相关成分的变化，并且它兼顾了RT分布和反应比例。与年轻人相比，老年人做出反应的时间更长，老年人来自记忆的证据强度略有下降，并且在判断项目为“旧”时有轻微偏差。两个年龄组之间RTs的差异主要由非决策成分的差异来解释。尽管我们的样本量较小使得关于衰老的总体结论具有试探性，但结果与其他研究衰老在二择反应时任务和反应信号任务中的影响的研究一致，并且该研究表明老年人的信心判断选择比例和RT分布数据可以用反应时间和信心2（RTCON2）模型来拟合。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
