Lazarus W F, Rutz D A, Miller R W, Brown D A
J Econ Entomol. 1989 Aug;82(4):1145-51. doi: 10.1093/jee/82.4.1145.
Costs of fly control practices were estimated for 26 New York and Maryland dairy farms. Objectives were to characterize existing practices, compare them with the cost of more frequent and complete manure removal to reduce fly breeding, and to compare costs of manure removal and insecticide application. Information was collected in scouting visits and personal interviews of farm operators. Equipment, labor, and bedding costs were included for manure removal. Insecticide application costs included chemicals and labor for application. A typical farm with a stanchion barn had manure removal costs of $0.348 per cow per day. Recommended changes would increase costs by $0.016-0.033 per cow per day. Insecticide costs averaged $0.021 per cow per day. It may be possible to eliminate many of the insecticide applications on the farms by using the recommended 7-d manure removal practice. Even if insecticides are not eliminated entirely, increased manure removal costs would be offset by some reduction in insecticide cost. This also would have the additional benefit of greatly slowing the development of insecticide resistance by the flies.
对纽约和马里兰州的26个奶牛场的苍蝇控制措施成本进行了估算。目的是描述现有措施的特点，将其与更频繁、更彻底地清除粪便以减少苍蝇繁殖的成本进行比较，并比较粪便清除和杀虫剂施用的成本。通过对农场经营者的实地考察和个人访谈收集信息。粪便清除成本包括设备、劳动力和垫料成本。杀虫剂施用成本包括化学品和施用劳动力成本。一个典型的有立柱式牛舍的农场，每头牛每天的粪便清除成本为0.348美元。建议的改变将使每头牛每天的成本增加0.016 - 0.033美元。杀虫剂成本平均为每头牛每天0.021美元。通过采用建议的7天粪便清除措施，有可能消除农场中的许多杀虫剂施用。即使不能完全消除杀虫剂，增加的粪便清除成本也会被杀虫剂成本的一些降低所抵消。这还将带来额外的好处，即大大减缓苍蝇对杀虫剂抗性的发展。
