Biglan A, Rothlind J, Hops H, Sherman L
J Abnorm Psychol. 1989 Aug;98(3):218-28. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.98.3.218.
Two studies examined the hypothesis that distressed behavior induces negative emotions in others but also prompts solicitousness and deters aggression. In Study 1, 48 marital dyads rated various behaviors in terms of their feelings and reactions toward a spouse engaging in each behavior. Distressed behavior prompted both negative and solicitous emotions, but deterred hostile reactions. Aggressive behavior prompted negative feelings and hostile and argumentative reactions. In Study 2, 41 couples rated videotaped examples of a woman engaging in distressed, aggressive, or neutral behavior, with variations in verbal content and nonverbal affect. Examples of distressed behavior prompted more negative feelings and more solicitous feelings than neutral behavior. Aggressive examples prompted more negative feelings and hostile reactions. The studies indicate the importance of distinguishing between distressed and aggressive behavior.
苦恼行为会引发他人的负面情绪，但同时也会引发关切并抑制攻击行为。在研究1中，48对夫妻根据他们对表现出每种行为的配偶的感受和反应，对各种行为进行了评分。苦恼行为既引发了负面情绪也引发了关切情绪，但抑制了敌对反应。攻击性行为引发了负面情绪以及敌对和争吵反应。在研究2中，41对夫妻对一名女性表现出苦恼、攻击性或中性行为的录像示例进行了评分，这些示例在言语内容和非言语情感方面存在差异。苦恼行为示例比中性行为引发了更多的负面情绪和更多的关切情绪。攻击性示例引发了更多的负面情绪和敌对反应。这些研究表明区分苦恼行为和攻击性行为的重要性。
