Paast Negin, Khosravi Zohreh, Memari Amir Hossein, Shayestehfar Monir, Arbabi Mohammad
Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ; Department of Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2016 Feb 25;28(1):28-34. doi: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.215124.
Cognitive functioning in individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) has not been adequately studied.
Examine the cognitive flexibility and planning ability of individuals with OCD and OCPD.
Twenty patients with OCD and 25 patients with OCPD who had not taken medication in the previous two weeks were identified in an outpatient psychology clinic in Tehran, and 25 healthy control subjects were identified from the university staff and local community residents. All participants were administered the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Tower of London (TOL) test. Two measures of the WCTS (number of perseverative errors and number of categories completed) were used to assess cognitive flexibility and three measures of the TOL (total number of moves in 12 trials, total response time, and planning time) were used to assess planning ability.
The level of current psychological distress in the two patient groups was significantly greater than that in the control group. After adjusting for demographic variables and the level of psychological distress, both OCD patients and OCPD patients made more perseverative errors on the WCST than control subjects, and the OCD patients (but not the OCPD patients) completed significantly fewer categories than the control subjects. Both the OCD patients and OCPD patients required significantly more moves than control subjects to complete the 12 TOL tasks and OCD patients took significantly longer than both OCPD patients and control subjects to complete the tasks.
Individuals with OCD and OCPD have impaired cognitive flexibility and planning ability compared to healthy controls, and there are some differences in these measures of cognitive functioning between OCD and OCPD. Long term follow-up studies of OCD and OCPD that assess changes in cognitive measures as the severity of obsessive compulsive symptoms wax and wane will be needed to determine whether or not such cognitive measures have diagnostic or clinical relevance for obsessive compulsive disorders.
强迫症（OCD）患者和强迫型人格障碍（OCPD）患者的认知功能尚未得到充分研究。
研究强迫症患者和强迫型人格障碍患者的认知灵活性和计划能力。
在德黑兰的一家门诊心理诊所确定了20名未在过去两周内服药的强迫症患者和25名强迫型人格障碍患者，并从大学教职工和当地社区居民中确定了25名健康对照者。所有参与者均接受了28项版的一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28）、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）和伦敦塔测验（TOL）。WCST的两项指标（持续性错误数量和完成的类别数量）用于评估认知灵活性，TOL的三项指标（12次试验中的总移动次数、总反应时间和计划时间）用于评估计划能力。
两个患者组当前的心理困扰程度显著高于对照组。在调整人口统计学变量和心理困扰程度后，强迫症患者和强迫型人格障碍患者在WCST上的持续性错误均多于对照者，且强迫症患者（而非强迫型人格障碍患者）完成的类别显著少于对照者。强迫症患者和强迫型人格障碍患者在完成12项TOL任务时所需的移动次数均显著多于对照者，且强迫症患者完成任务的时间显著长于强迫型人格障碍患者和对照者。
与健康对照者相比，强迫症患者和强迫型人格障碍患者的认知灵活性和计划能力受损，且强迫症和强迫型人格障碍在这些认知功能指标上存在一些差异。需要对强迫症和强迫型人格障碍进行长期随访研究，评估随着强迫症状严重程度的起伏，认知指标的变化，以确定这些认知指标是否对强迫症具有诊断或临床意义。
