LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Institute of Science and Innovation on Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jan 1;575:1156-1167. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.195. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
Although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority air pollutants that strongly affect human health, information concerning the indoor exposures is still limited. This study characterized PAH levels in primary schools and evaluated risk for the respective students (aged 8-10years) in comparison with school personnel. During January-April 2014, eighteen particulate-bound (PM) PAHs (16 USEPA priority compounds, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, benzo[j]fluoranthene) were collected (indoors and outdoors) at ten primary urban schools in Portugal. Total mean concentrations (Σ) ranged 2.8-54ngm in indoor air, whereas corresponding outdoor levels were 7.1-48ngm. Indoor/outdoor ratios of lighter congeners (2-3 aromatic rings) demonstrated a contribution from indoor origin while heavier PAHs (4-6 aromatic rings) originated mostly from infiltration of ambient air indoors; traffic (both from diesel and gasoline fuelled vehicles) was the predominant source of indoor PAHs. Total cancer risk of 8-10years old children exceeded (up to 22 times) USEPA recommended guideline of 10, and 7-87 times WHO health-based threshold of 10. Risk due to indoor exposure in schools was 2-10 times higher than outdoors, mainly because of the higher amount of time that students spent indoors.
尽管多环芳烃 (PAHs) 是对人体健康影响很大的优先空气污染物，但有关室内暴露的信息仍然有限。本研究对小学的 PAH 水平进行了特征描述，并对相应的 8-10 岁学生（与学校人员相比）的风险进行了评估。2014 年 1 月至 4 月期间，在葡萄牙的 10 所城市小学中，收集了 18 种颗粒状结合的（PM）PAHs（16 种 USEPA 优先化合物、二苯并[a,l]蒽、苯并[j]荧蒽）（室内和室外）。总平均浓度（Σ）在室内空气中的范围为 2.8-54ngm，而相应的室外水平为 7.1-48ngm。较轻同系物（2-3 个芳香环）的室内/室外比值表明室内来源的贡献，而较重的 PAHs（4-6 个芳香环）主要来自室内环境空气的渗透；交通（包括柴油和汽油燃料车辆）是室内 PAHs 的主要来源。8-10 岁儿童的总癌症风险超过了（高达 22 倍）USEPA 推荐的 10 准则，是基于世卫组织健康基准 10 的 7-87 倍。由于室内暴露而导致的学校风险比室外高 2-10 倍，主要是因为学生在室内的时间更多。
