Caspi A, Bem D J, Elder G H
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
J Pers. 1989 Jun;57(2):375-406. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00487.x.
Behavior patterns can be sustained across the life course by two kinds of person-environment interaction. Cumulative continuity arises when an individual's interactional style channels him or her into environments that themselves reinforce that style, thereby sustaining the behavior pattern across the life course through the progressive accumulation of its own consequences. Interactional continuity arises when an individual's style evokes reciprocal, sustaining responses from others in ongoing social interaction, thereby reinstating the behavior pattern across the individual's life course whenever the relevant interactive situation is replicated. Using archival data from the Berkeley Guidance Study (Macfarlane, Allen, & Honzik, 1954), we present evidence for the operation of these two continuity-promoting processes by identifying individuals who were ill-tempered, shy, or dependent in late childhood and then tracing the continuities and consequences of these interactional styles across the subsequent 30 years of their lives in the domains of work and family. The importance of the sociocultural context in mediating these continuities and consequences is stressed.
行为模式可以通过两种人与环境的相互作用在整个生命历程中得以维持。当个体的互动风格引导其进入那些本身会强化该风格的环境时，就会产生累积连续性，从而通过其自身后果的逐步积累在整个生命历程中维持行为模式。当个体的风格在持续的社会互动中引发他人的相互、持续反应时，就会产生互动连续性，从而每当相关互动情境重现时，就在个体的生命历程中恢复行为模式。利用来自伯克利指导研究（麦克法兰、艾伦和洪齐克，1954年）的档案数据，我们通过识别在童年后期脾气暴躁、害羞或依赖他人的个体，然后追踪这些互动风格在他们随后30年的工作和家庭领域生活中的连续性及后果，来为这两个促进连续性的过程的运作提供证据。文中强调了社会文化背景在调节这些连续性和后果方面的重要性。
