Deng P, Utterback P L, Parsons C M, Hancock L, Swanson K S
J Anim Sci. 2016 Aug;94(8):3335-3342. doi: 10.2527/jas.2016-0473.
A wide variety of animal protein-based ingredients is commonly used in the pet food products. The raw ingredients and processing procedures used may greatly affect protein quality. Testing the quality of alternative protein sources is necessary and contributes to the sustainability of pet foods. The objective of this study was to test the chemical composition of 8 protein sources intended for use in dog and cat foods (calamari meal, pork peptone, alligator meal, lamb meal, venison meal, chicken meal, and 2 duck meals), and evaluate their true nutrient digestibility and nitrogen-corrected true ME (TMEn) using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Calamari meal and pork peptone had lower ash (4.4 and 3.6% of DM, respectively) but greater CP (88.1 and 80.5% of DM, respectively) and either greater or similar GE (5.6 and 5.3 kcal/g of DM, respectively) compared with alligator, lamb, venison, chicken, and duck meals (11.8 to 24.5% ash, 58.7 to 65.9% CP, and 4.6 to 5.3 kcal GE/g). Acid-hydrolyzed fat (AHF) was lower in calamari meal (8.7% of DM) compared with the other proteins tested (15.5-22.1% of DM). True nutrient digestibility was variable among the protein sources (52 to 79% of DM, 60 to 83% of OM, 78 to 92% of AHF, and 70 to 89% of GE) with pork peptone having the highest DM, AHF, and GE digestibility and calamari meal having the highest OM digestibility. True indispensable AA digestibility was highest for calamari meal, with all AA having a digestibility greater than 90%. Except for histidine, all indispensable AA had a digestibility over 85% for pork peptone. In contrast, true indispensable AA digestibility was lowest for lamb meal, with histidine having digestibility less than 70% and the other entire indispensable AA having digestibility between 72 and 88%. The TMEn of calamari meal (4.82 kcal/g DM and 86.9% of GE) was greater ( < 0.05) than the other protein sources. The lamb meal had the lowest TMEn value (3.12 kcal/g DM and 66.9% of GE), with others being intermediate (3.46-4.09 kcal/g DM and 71.2-77.9% of GE). This study demonstrates the considerable variability that exists not only in the chemical composition but also in the true nutrient digestibility among protein sources intended for use in dog and cat foods and justifies further in vivo testing of novel protein sources.
宠物食品产品中通常使用各种各样的动物蛋白基成分。所使用的原料成分和加工工艺可能会极大地影响蛋白质质量。检测替代蛋白质来源的质量是必要的，这有助于宠物食品的可持续性。本研究的目的是检测8种用于犬猫食品的蛋白质来源（鱿鱼粉、猪肉蛋白胨、短吻鳄粉、羊肉粉、鹿肉粉、鸡肉粉和2种鸭肉粉）的化学成分，并使用精确饲喂的切除盲肠公鸡试验评估它们的真养分消化率和氮校正真代谢能（TMEn）。与短吻鳄、羊肉、鹿肉、鸡肉和鸭肉粉（灰分11.8%至24.5%、粗蛋白58.7%至65.9%、代谢能4.6至5.3千卡/克）相比，鱿鱼粉和猪肉蛋白胨的灰分较低（分别为干物质的4.4%和3.6%），但粗蛋白含量较高（分别为干物质的88.1%和80.5%），且代谢能要么更高要么相近（分别为5.6和5.3千卡/克干物质）。鱿鱼粉中的酸水解脂肪（AHF）（干物质的8.7%）低于其他测试蛋白质（干物质的15.5 - 22.1%）。蛋白质来源之间真养分消化率各不相同（干物质的52%至79%、有机物的60%至83%、AHF 的78%至92%、代谢能的70%至89%），猪肉蛋白胨的干物质、AHF和代谢能消化率最高，鱿鱼粉的有机物消化率最高。鱿鱼粉的真必需氨基酸消化率最高，所有氨基酸的消化率均大于90%。除组氨酸外，猪肉蛋白胨的所有必需氨基酸消化率均超过85%。相比之下，羊肉粉的真必需氨基酸消化率最低，组氨酸消化率低于70%，其他所有必需氨基酸消化率在72%至88%之间。鱿鱼粉的TMEn（4.82千卡/克干物质，占代谢能的86.9%）高于其他蛋白质来源（P<0.05）。羊肉粉的TMEn值最低（3.12千卡/克干物质，占代谢能的66.9%），其他的处于中间水平（3.46 - 4.09千卡/克干物质，占代谢能的71.2 - 77.9%）。本研究表明，用于犬猫食品的蛋白质来源不仅在化学成分上存在很大差异，而且在真养分消化率方面也存在很大差异，这证明有必要对新型蛋白质来源进行进一步的体内测试。
