Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2016 Dec;3(4):459-467. doi: 10.1007/s40572-016-0118-8.
The rapid growth of new electronics and energy technologies requires the use of rare elements of the periodic table. For many of these elements, little is known about their environmental behavior or human health impacts. This is true for indium and gallium, two technology critical elements. Increased environmental concentrations of both indium and gallium create the potential for increased environmental exposure, though little is known about the extent of this exposure. Evidence is mounting that indium and gallium can have substantial toxicity, including in occupational settings where indium lung disease has been recognized as a potentially fatal disease caused by the inhalation of indium particles. This paper aims to review the basic chemistry, changing environmental concentrations, potential for human exposure, and known health effects of indium and gallium.
新兴电子和能源技术的快速发展需要使用元素周期表中的稀有元素。对于其中的许多元素，人们对其环境行为或对人类健康的影响知之甚少。铟和镓就是两种对技术至关重要的元素。铟和镓在环境中的浓度增加，增加了环境暴露的可能性，尽管人们对这种暴露的程度知之甚少。越来越多的证据表明，铟和镓具有很大的毒性，包括在职业环境中，人们已经认识到铟肺病是一种由吸入铟颗粒引起的潜在致命疾病。本文旨在综述铟和镓的基本化学性质、不断变化的环境浓度、人类暴露的潜在风险以及已知的健康影响。
