Grabarczyk Malgorzata, Wlazlowska Edyta, Fialek Marzena
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institution of Chemical Sciences Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Feb 10;18(4):769. doi: 10.3390/ma18040769.
Heavy metal contamination of water has become a global environmental problem in recent years, which is caused by the rapid development of economies and industries. Gallium is of enduring interest because of its wide range of applications in technology and industry. In its pure form or as a component of alloys, gallium is used in devices such as high-current switches, pressure gauges, and thermometers. Gallium compounds also play an important role in electronics and optoelectronics, particularly in devices that operate in the infrared range. Gallium isotopes are also used in medical diagnostics. The increasing demand for gallium emphasizes the need for accurate methods for its determination in different matrices. One method used for this purpose is stripping voltammetry. The working electrodes, complexing agents, and the influence of interferences on the accuracy of the measurement are discussed in detail, highlighting their crucial role in obtaining the analytical signal of gallium in procedures based on stripping voltammetry. Voltammetric procedures for the simultaneous determination of gallium and other metal ions are also described. The application of the developed procedures to the analysis of real samples is emphasized as crucial for environmental monitoring and the accurate determination of trace concentrations of gallium. A summary of the results is presented in the form of a table which provides detailed information on the stripping voltammetry methods, including the types of working electrodes, characteristics of the substrate electrolytes used, complexing agents, linear ranges, and detection limits. The table also includes accumulation times, interferences investigated, and practical applications of the methods discussed, making it a valuable resource for researchers and analysts involved in environmental analysis. The review highlights the importance of this technique as an accurate and sensitive tool for the analysis of gallium in environmental samples.
近年来，水体重金属污染已成为一个全球性的环境问题，这是由经济和工业的快速发展导致的。镓因其在技术和工业中的广泛应用而一直备受关注。镓以其纯形式或作为合金的成分，被用于诸如大电流开关、压力计和温度计等设备中。镓化合物在电子学和光电子学中也发挥着重要作用，特别是在工作于红外波段的设备中。镓同位素还用于医学诊断。对镓需求的不断增加凸显了在不同基质中准确测定镓的方法的必要性。用于此目的的一种方法是溶出伏安法。详细讨论了工作电极、络合剂以及干扰对测量准确性的影响，突出了它们在基于溶出伏安法的镓分析信号获取过程中的关键作用。还描述了同时测定镓和其他金属离子的伏安法程序。强调将所开发的程序应用于实际样品分析对于环境监测和准确测定痕量镓浓度至关重要。结果总结以表格形式呈现，该表格提供了关于溶出伏安法的详细信息，包括工作电极类型、所用底液电解质的特性、络合剂、线性范围和检测限。表格还包括富集时间、所研究的干扰以及所讨论方法的实际应用，使其成为从事环境分析的研究人员和分析人员的宝贵资源。该综述强调了这项技术作为准确、灵敏地分析环境样品中镓的工具的重要性。
