Wang L, Fan C, Tao T, Gao W
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
Child Care Health Dev. 2017 Mar;43(2):274-280. doi: 10.1111/cch.12411. Epub 2016 Oct 2.
Few studies have been conducted in people of Asian descent that have reported to demonstrate the distinct developmental trends in good self-control and poor control. To fill this gap, we conducted a national cross-sectional survey among adolescents and young adults in China to further clarify the age and gender differences in self-control from a dual-systems perspective.
A total of 2910 adolescents (female, n = 1698) and their parents from five different provinces in China were surveyed using the Dual-Modes of Self-Control Scale (DMSC-S) and the Parents' Perceived Self-Control Scale. The mean age of the adolescent sample was 17.47 years (ranging from 12.50 to 25.42 years).
Boys exhibited greater good self-control than girls. Poor control increased between 12 and 17 years of age and declined thereafter; however, good self-control increased over the entire study period. Both good self-control and poor control in student participants were significantly associated with parents' perceived self-control; moreover, the association between good self-control and parental self-control was mediated by SES.
The roles of age, gender, parental self-control and SES varied in a dual-systems model of self-control: good self-control and poor control. Implications of these results are discussed.
针对亚裔人群开展的、报告显示能揭示良好自我控制和不良控制不同发展趋势的研究较少。为填补这一空白，我们在中国青少年和青年中开展了一项全国性横断面调查，从双系统视角进一步厘清自我控制方面的年龄和性别差异。
使用自我控制双模式量表（DMSC-S）和父母感知自我控制量表，对来自中国五个不同省份的2910名青少年（女性1698名）及其父母进行了调查。青少年样本的平均年龄为17.47岁（年龄范围为12.50至25.42岁）。
男孩表现出比女孩更强的良好自我控制能力。不良控制在12至17岁之间增加，之后下降；然而，良好自我控制在整个研究期间都在增加。学生参与者的良好自我控制和不良控制均与父母感知的自我控制显著相关；此外，良好自我控制与父母自我控制之间的关联由社会经济地位介导。
在自我控制的双系统模型（良好自我控制和不良控制）中，年龄、性别、父母自我控制和社会经济地位的作用各不相同。讨论了这些结果的意义。
