自闭症幼儿视觉脱离能力下降但相位警觉能力正常。

Reduced visual disengagement but intact phasic alerting in young children with autism.

作者信息

Kleberg Johan Lundin, Thorup Emilia, Falck-Ytter Terje

机构信息

From the Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

出版信息

Autism Res. 2017 Mar;10(3):539-545. doi: 10.1002/aur.1675. Epub 2016 Oct 1.

Abstract

Children with autism may have difficulties with visual disengagement-that is, inhibiting current fixations and orienting to new stimuli in the periphery. These difficulties may limit these children's ability to flexibly monitor the environment, regulate their internal states, and interact with others. In typical development, visual disengagement is influenced by a phasic alerting network that increases the processing speed of the visual system after salient events. The role of the phasic alerting effect in the putative atypical disengagement performance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not known. Here, we compared visual disengagement in six-year-old children with autism (N = 18) and typically developing children (N = 17) matched for age and nonverbal IQ. We manipulated phasic alerting during a visual disengagement task by adding spatially nonpredictive sounds shortly before the onset of the visual peripheral targets. Children with ASD showed evidence of delayed disengagement compared to the control group. Sounds facilitated visual disengagement similarly in both groups, suggesting typical modulation by phasic alerting in ASD in the context of this task. These results support the view that atypical visual disengagement in ASD is related to other factors than atypicalities in the alerting network. Autism Res 2017, 10: 539-545. © 2016 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research.

摘要

患有自闭症的儿童可能在视觉脱离方面存在困难,也就是说,难以抑制当前的注视并转向周边的新刺激。这些困难可能会限制这些儿童灵活监测环境、调节自身内部状态以及与他人互动的能力。在正常发育过程中,视觉脱离受一个相位警觉网络的影响,该网络在显著事件发生后会提高视觉系统的处理速度。相位警觉效应在自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)中假定的非典型脱离表现中的作用尚不清楚。在此,我们比较了18名六岁自闭症儿童和17名年龄及非言语智商匹配的正常发育儿童的视觉脱离情况。我们在视觉脱离任务中通过在视觉周边目标出现前不久添加空间上不可预测的声音来操纵相位警觉。与对照组相比,患有ASD的儿童表现出脱离延迟的迹象。两组中声音对视觉脱离的促进作用相似,这表明在此任务背景下,ASD中相位警觉的调节作用是正常的。这些结果支持了这样一种观点,即ASD中非典型的视觉脱离与警觉网络中的非典型性以外的其他因素有关。《自闭症研究》2017年,10: 539 - 545。© 2016作者。《自闭症研究》由威利期刊公司代表国际自闭症研究协会出版。

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