Pacheco J M, Stenfeldt C, Rodriguez L L, Arzt J
Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA.
Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
J Comp Pathol. 2016 Nov;155(4):314-325. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
For the purpose of developing an improved experimental model for studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cattle, three different experimental systems based on natural or simulated natural virus exposure were compared under standardized experimental conditions. Ante-mortem infection dynamics were characterized in cattle exposed to FMDV through a novel, simulated natural intranasopharyngeal (INP) inoculation system or through standardized and controlled systems of within- or between-species direct contact exposure (cattle-to-cattle or pig-to-cattle). All three systems were efficient in causing synchronous, generalized foot-and-mouth disease in cattle exposed to one of three different strains of FMDV representing serotypes O, A and Asia1. There was more within-group variation in the timing of clinical infection following natural and simulated natural virus exposure systems when compared with the conventionally used system of needle inoculation (intraepithelial lingual inoculation). However, the three optimized exposure systems described herein have the advantage of closely simulating field conditions by utilizing natural routes of primary infection, thereby facilitating engagement of mucosal host defence mechanisms. Overall, it is concluded that INP inoculation and standardized systems of direct contact exposure provide effective alternatives to conventional (needle) inoculation systems for studies in which it is desirable to simulate the natural biology of FMDV infection.
为了开发一种改进的实验模型用于研究牛口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）感染，在标准化实验条件下比较了基于自然或模拟自然病毒暴露的三种不同实验系统。通过一种新型的、模拟自然鼻内（INP）接种系统或通过种内或种间直接接触暴露的标准化和可控系统（牛对牛或猪对牛），对暴露于FMDV的牛的生前感染动态进行了表征。所有这三种系统在使暴露于代表O、A和亚洲1型的三种不同FMDV毒株之一的牛中引发同步、全身性口蹄疫方面均有效。与传统使用的针刺接种系统（上皮内舌接种）相比，在自然和模拟自然病毒暴露系统后临床感染的时间上，组内变异更大。然而，本文所述的三种优化暴露系统具有通过利用原发性感染的自然途径紧密模拟田间条件的优点，从而促进黏膜宿主防御机制的参与。总体而言，得出的结论是，对于希望模拟FMDV感染自然生物学的研究，INP接种和直接接触暴露的标准化系统为传统（针刺）接种系统提供了有效的替代方案。
