Lalot Mathilde, Ung Davy, Péron Franck, d'Ettorre Patrizia, Bovet Dalila
Laboratoire Ethologie Cognition Développement, Université Nanterre Paris Ouest La Défense, Nanterre, France.
Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée, Université Paris-Nord, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France.
Behav Processes. 2017 Jan;134:70-77. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.09.012. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Recent studies suggest that cognitive bias could constitute a novel and valid measure of animal welfare. Although interest for a link between personality and cognition is growing, no study to date investigated whether a cognitive bias might be related to the personality of the individuals. We trained 43 domestic canaries (Serinus canaria) to discriminate between two sides of a test cage, each side being associated with a different value (attractive or aversive food in a dish). During the test phase, the dish was placed at intermediate locations, representing ambiguous information. Results show evidence of an "optimistic" bias (flying faster to the dish at the ambiguous location) in birds housed in pairs, compared to birds housed singly, suggesting an influence of social context (living conditions) on canaries' emotions when tested individually. We also studied six traits of individuals' personality and found that aggressiveness, neophobia, one sociability index and obstinacy were repeatable across social context and/or day-light schedule, whereas the other sociability index, boldness and locomotion were not. No correlation between the birds' optimism and any of their personality traits was found, suggesting that cognitive bias may be a matter of social context rather than of individual personality.
最近的研究表明,认知偏差可能构成一种衡量动物福利的全新且有效的指标。尽管人们对性格与认知之间联系的兴趣与日俱增,但迄今为止尚无研究调查认知偏差是否可能与个体的性格有关。我们训练了43只家养金丝雀(Serinus canaria),使其能够区分测试笼的两侧,每一侧都与不同的价值相关联(盘中放置诱人或厌恶的食物)。在测试阶段,盘子被放置在中间位置,代表模糊信息。结果显示,与单独饲养的鸟类相比,成对饲养的鸟类存在“乐观”偏差(在模糊位置更快地飞向盘子),这表明在单独测试时,社会环境(生活条件)对金丝雀的情绪有影响。我们还研究了个体性格的六个特征,发现攻击性、新事物恐惧症、一个社交性指数和固执性在不同社会环境和/或昼夜节律下具有重复性,而另一个社交性指数、大胆程度和活动能力则不具有重复性。未发现鸟类的乐观程度与其任何性格特征之间存在相关性,这表明认知偏差可能是社会环境的问题,而非个体性格的问题。