Leone James E, Rovito Michael J, Mullin Elizabeth M, Mohammed Shan D, Lee Christina S
1 Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA.
2 University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Am J Mens Health. 2017 Mar;11(2):262-274. doi: 10.1177/1557988316671637. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
Epidemiologic data suggest men often experience excessive morbidity and early mortality, possibly compromising family and community health over the lifespan. Moreover, the negative financial/economic consequences affected by poor male health outcomes also has been of great concern in the United States and abroad. Early and consistent access to preventative health care may improve health outcomes; however, men are far less likely to access these services. The purpose of this study was to understand what factors preclude men from accessing health care. We surveyed 485 participants using a 58-item online survey built from a conceptual model previously developed by the researchers using hegemonic masculinity theory, the theory of normative contentment, and the health belief model. For men, three items significantly ( ps < .05) predicted whether they had seen a health care provider in the past year: "I/Men do not access healthcare because I do not think there is anything wrong with me," "My health is only about me," and "I/Men do not access healthcare because most men in my family do not access healthcare." Other correlations of practical significance also were noted. Results suggest gender norms and masculine ideals may play a primary role in how men access preventative health care. Future programming targeting males should consider barriers and plan programs that are gender-sensitive in addition to being gender-specific. Clinical implications are discussed.
流行病学数据表明，男性往往发病率过高且过早死亡，这可能会在整个生命周期中损害家庭和社区健康。此外，男性健康状况不佳所带来的负面财务/经济后果在美国和其他国家也备受关注。尽早且持续地获得预防性医疗保健可能会改善健康状况；然而，男性获得这些服务的可能性要小得多。本研究的目的是了解哪些因素阻碍男性获得医疗保健。我们使用由研究人员先前根据霸权男性气质理论、规范满足理论和健康信念模型开发的概念模型构建的包含58个条目的在线调查问卷，对485名参与者进行了调查。对于男性而言，有三个条目显著（p值<0.05）预测了他们在过去一年是否看过医疗保健提供者：“我/男性不寻求医疗保健是因为我认为自己没有任何问题”、“我的健康只关乎我自己”以及“我/男性不寻求医疗保健是因为我家中的大多数男性都不寻求医疗保健”。还注意到了其他具有实际意义的相关性。结果表明，性别规范和男性理想可能在男性获得预防性医疗保健的方式中起主要作用。未来针对男性的项目应考虑障碍因素，并规划出除具有性别针对性外还对性别敏感的项目。文中讨论了临床意义。
