Wang Xiaobing, Yamauchi Futoshi, Otsuka Keijiro, Huang Jikun
Peking University and Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, China.
World Bank, Washington DC, USA.
World Dev. 2016 Oct;86:30-45. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.05.002.
This paper aims to examine the dynamics of land transactions, machine investments, and the demand for machine services using farm panel data from China. Recently, China's agriculture has experienced a large expansion of machine rentals and machine services provided by specialized agents, which has contributed to mechanization of agricultural production. On the other hand, the empirical results show that an increase in non-agricultural wage rates leads to expansion of self-cultivated land size. A rise in the proportion of non-agricultural income or the migration rate also increases the size of self-cultivated land. Interestingly, however, relatively educated farm households decrease the size of self-cultivated land, which suggests that relatively less educated farmers tend to specialize in farming. The demand for machine services has also increased if agricultural wage and migration rate increased over time, especially among relatively large farms. The results on crop income also support complementarities between rented-in land and machine services (demanded), which implies that scale economies are arising in Chinese agriculture with mechanization and active land rental markets.
本文旨在利用中国的农户面板数据，研究土地交易、机器投资以及机器服务需求的动态变化。近年来，中国农业中由专业代理商提供的机器租赁和机器服务大幅增加，这推动了农业生产的机械化。另一方面，实证结果表明，非农工资率的提高会导致自有耕地规模扩大。非农收入比例或迁移率的上升也会增加自有耕地的规模。然而，有趣的是，受教育程度相对较高的农户会减少自有耕地规模，这表明受教育程度相对较低的农民往往更倾向于专门从事农业生产。如果农业工资和迁移率随时间增加，尤其是在相对较大的农场中，对机器服务的需求也会增加。作物收入的结果也支持了租入土地与机器服务（需求）之间的互补性，这意味着中国农业在机械化和活跃的土地租赁市场中正在产生规模经济。
