Li Wanli, An Xinjiang, Fu Mingyu, Li Chunli
Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.
Exp Ther Med. 2016 Oct;12(4):2145-2149. doi: 10.3892/etm.2016.3558. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Pneumonia refers to lung inflammation caused by different pathogens or other factors, and is a common pediatric disease occurring in infants and young children. It is closely related to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of infants and young children and is more frequent during winter and spring, or sudden changes in temperature. Pneumonia is a serious disease that poses a threat to children's health and its morbidity and mortality rank first, accounting for 24.5-65.2% of pediatric inpatients. Due to juvenile age, severe illness and rapid changes, children often suffer acute heart failure, respiratory failure and even toxic encephalopathy at the same time. The concurrence in different stages of the process of emergency treatment tends to relapse, which directly places the lives of these children at risk. Severe pneumonia constitutes one of the main causes of infant mortality. In the process of nursing children with severe pneumonia, intensive care was provided, including condition assessment and diagnosis, close observation of disease, keeping the airway unblocked, rational oxygen therapy, prevention and treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure, support of vital organs, complications, and health education. The inflammatory response was proactively controlled, to prevent suffocation and reduce mortality. In summary, positive and effective nursing can promote the rehabilitation of children patients, which can be reinforced with adequate communication with the parents and/or caretakers.
肺炎是指由不同病原体或其他因素引起的肺部炎症,是婴幼儿时期常见的儿科疾病。它与婴幼儿的解剖和生理特征密切相关,在冬春季节或气温骤变时更为频发。肺炎是一种严重疾病,对儿童健康构成威胁,其发病率和死亡率位居首位,占儿科住院患者的24.5%至65.2%。由于患儿年龄小、病情重且变化快,常同时并发急性心力衰竭、呼吸衰竭甚至中毒性脑病。在急救过程的不同阶段并发这些情况往往会复发,直接危及这些儿童的生命。重症肺炎是婴儿死亡的主要原因之一。在护理重症肺炎患儿的过程中,提供了重症监护,包括病情评估与诊断、密切观察病情、保持气道通畅、合理给氧、防治呼吸和循环衰竭、支持重要脏器、预防并发症以及健康教育。积极控制炎症反应,以防止窒息并降低死亡率。总之,积极有效的护理可促进患儿康复,与家长和/或照料者进行充分沟通可进一步加强护理效果。