Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Analyst. 2016 Oct 24;141(22):6172-6189. doi: 10.1039/c6an01121g.
This review highlights the considerable advances in the chemical imaging of human fingermarks that provide more chemical information, including numerous endogenous and exogenous constituents. Despite remarkable development in DNA analysis and recognition, human fingermark analysis remains one of the priority approaches available for obtaining reliable forensic evidence. Additional information about the donor can be obtained from the chemical composition of latent fingermarks in addition to the ridge pattern, such as the age, gender, medical history, and possible drug habits. The analytical approaches reviewed here include spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, immuno-labelling and electrochemical methods. Each method has different capabilities with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity, reliability and ultimately applicability, either for use in routine forensic practice or in academic research work. The advantages of spectroscopic techniques, including infrared, Raman and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, are the capabilities of a rapid and non-destructive imaging of fingermarks by providing spectral information on chemical composition. In addition, mass spectrometry imaging can provide spatially specific information on fingermark chemical composition. Recently, the use of immuno-labelling in latent fingermark detection has attracted significant attention because it can overcome the sensitivity and selectivity problems experienced with other existing methods. The electrochemical method has also been employed to image latent fingermarks by measuring the electric current changes with the spatial chemical composition from the ridges and valleys at high resolution to provide a third level of detail, which is especially useful for multicoloured background surfaces or for surfaces contaminated with blood or other bodily fluids.
本文综述了人类指印化学成像技术的重大进展，这些技术提供了更多的化学信息，包括许多内源性和外源性成分。尽管 DNA 分析和识别技术取得了显著发展，但人类指印分析仍然是获取可靠法庭证据的优先方法之一。除了脊纹模式外，还可以从潜在指印的化学成分中获得有关供体的更多信息，例如年龄、性别、病史和可能的药物习惯。这里综述的分析方法包括光谱法、质谱法、免疫标记和电化学方法。每种方法在灵敏度、重现性、选择性、可靠性以及最终适用性方面都有不同的能力，无论是用于常规法庭实践还是学术研究工作。光谱技术，包括红外、拉曼和微 X 射线荧光光谱法，具有快速和非破坏性成像指印的能力，通过提供化学成分的光谱信息。此外，质谱成像可以提供指印化学成分的空间特异性信息。最近，免疫标记在潜伏指印检测中的应用引起了广泛关注，因为它可以克服其他现有方法所遇到的灵敏度和选择性问题。电化学方法也被用于通过测量电流变化来对潜伏指印进行成像，以高分辨率从脊和谷的空间化学成分提供第三级细节，这对于多色背景表面或被血液或其他体液污染的表面尤其有用。
