University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom.
Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain.
Ageing Res Rev. 2017 May;35:222-240. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.010. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
As people age they become increasingly susceptible to chronic and extremely debilitating brain diseases. The precise cause of the neuronal degeneration underlying these disorders, and indeed normal brain ageing remains however elusive. Considering the limits of existing preventive methods, there is a desire to develop effective and safe strategies. Growing preclinical and clinical research in healthy individuals or at the early stage of cognitive decline has demonstrated the beneficial impact of nutrition on cognitive functions. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). The latest scientific advances specific to how dietary nutrients and non-nutrient may affect cognitive ageing are presented. Furthermore, several key points related to mechanisms contributing to brain ageing, pathological conditions affecting brain function, and brain biomarkers are also discussed. Overall, findings are inconsistent and fragmented and more research is warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms and to establish dose-response relationships for optimal brain maintenance in different population subgroups. Such approaches are likely to provide the necessary evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform about new dietary recommendations on how to prevent cognitive decline.
随着年龄的增长，人们越来越容易患上慢性且极其使人虚弱的脑部疾病。然而，这些疾病和正常的大脑衰老背后的神经元退化的确切原因仍然难以捉摸。考虑到现有预防方法的局限性，人们渴望开发有效和安全的策略。在健康个体或认知能力下降早期的大量临床前和临床研究表明，营养对认知功能有有益影响。本综述是国际生命科学学会欧洲分部（ILSI Europe）营养与精神表现工作组系列的最新成果。本文介绍了特定于饮食营养素和非营养素如何影响认知衰老的最新科学进展。此外，还讨论了与导致大脑衰老的机制、影响大脑功能的病理状况以及大脑生物标志物相关的几个要点。总的来说，研究结果并不一致且零散，需要进一步研究以确定潜在机制，并为不同人群亚组的最佳大脑维持建立剂量反应关系。这些方法可能为制定研究组合提供必要的证据，以便就如何预防认知能力下降提供新的饮食建议。
