Łabno Anna, Tomecki Rafał, Dziembowski Andrzej
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Dec;1863(12):3125-3147. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.023. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
RNA decay plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Work conducted over the last decades has defined the major mRNA decay pathways, as well as enzymes and their cofactors responsible for these processes. In contrast, our knowledge of the mechanisms of degradation of non-protein coding RNA species is more fragmentary. This review is focused on the cytoplasmic pathways of mRNA and ncRNA degradation in eukaryotes. The major 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' mRNA decay pathways are described with emphasis on the mechanisms of their activation by the deprotection of RNA ends. More recently discovered 3'-end modifications such as uridylation, and their relevance to cytoplasmic mRNA decay in various model organisms, are also discussed. Finally, we provide up-to-date findings concerning various pathways of non-coding RNA decay in the cytoplasm.
RNA 降解在基因表达的转录后调控中起着关键作用。过去几十年的研究已经明确了主要的 mRNA 降解途径，以及负责这些过程的酶及其辅助因子。相比之下，我们对非蛋白质编码 RNA 种类的降解机制的了解更为零散。本综述聚焦于真核生物中 mRNA 和 ncRNA 在细胞质中的降解途径。描述了主要的 3' 到 5' 和 5' 到 3' mRNA 降解途径，重点是 RNA 末端去保护激活这些途径的机制。还讨论了最近发现的 3' 端修饰，如尿苷酸化，以及它们在各种模式生物中与细胞质 mRNA 降解的相关性。最后，我们提供了关于细胞质中非编码 RNA 降解各种途径的最新研究结果。
