Yamamoto M, Toguchi M, Arishima K, Eguchi Y, Leichter J, Lee M
Department of Anatomy II, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1989 Sep;191(4):382-6. doi: 10.3181/00379727-191-42937.
To investigate the effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the development of the fetal thyroid gland, Sprague-Dawley rats were given 20% ethanol for 4 weeks prior to mating and 30% ethanol throughout gestation. Pair-fed controls received an isocaloric amount of corn starch and chow, with water ad libitum, and ad libitum controls received rat chow and water. On Days 17, 18, 19, and 20 of gestation, the fetuses were weighed and the fetal thyroids were removed for histometric observation. On Days 19 and 20, the fetal thyroids of alcohol-exposed fetuses weighed significantly less than those of the two control groups, but more than the control thyroids 1 day earlier. Maternal alcohol consumption caused a significant decrease in both the follicular cell height and the follicle diameter of the fetal thyroid on all days examined. In the alcohol group on Days 19 and 20 of gestation, the cell height was less than, and the follicle diameter was approximately equal to those in the two controls 2 days earlier. These results indicate that, as a consequence of maternal alcohol consumption, growth of the fetal thyroid gland is retarded, and there are indications of fetal hypothyroidism, as seen from the histometric data. This latter is suggestive of a retarded thyrotropic activity of the fetal pituitary gland.
为研究孕期母体摄入酒精对胎儿甲状腺发育的影响，将斯普拉格-道利大鼠在交配前4周给予20%乙醇，整个妊娠期给予30%乙醇。配对喂食对照组给予等热量的玉米淀粉和食物，自由饮水，自由进食对照组给予大鼠食物和水。在妊娠第17、18、19和20天，对胎儿称重，并取出胎儿甲状腺进行组织测量观察。在妊娠第19和20天，暴露于酒精的胎儿的甲状腺重量明显低于两个对照组，但比对照组甲状腺早1天更重。在所有检查日，母体摄入酒精均导致胎儿甲状腺的滤泡细胞高度和滤泡直径显著降低。在妊娠第19和20天的酒精组中，细胞高度低于对照组，滤泡直径与对照组2天前大致相等。这些结果表明，由于母体摄入酒精，胎儿甲状腺的生长受到抑制，从组织测量数据可以看出存在胎儿甲状腺功能减退的迹象。后者提示胎儿垂体促甲状腺素活性受到抑制。
