School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016 Nov;219(8):734-741. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.018. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Prenatal exposure to persistent pollutants has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, although few studies have investigated the influence of the sex of the infant. Sex specific differences have been associated with neurobehavioural impacts from environmental exposures with limited and contrary findings in relation to persistent pollutants. This study investigated the relationships between maternal exposure to a range of metals, polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides measured in biological samples and birth outcomes with a specific focus on the sex of the infant. Outcome measures used included birth weight, birth length and head circumference, proportion of optimal birth weight (POBW), proportion of optimal birth length, proportion of optimal head circumference (POHC) and ponderal index. In general maternal urinary and blood metals, plasma polychlorinated biphenyl and pesticide concentrations were low. In adjusted regression models, a ln-unit increase in plasma β-hexachlorocyclohexane concentrations was associated with decreased birth weight (-76g, 95% CI -149, -33), ponderal index (-0.048, 95% CI 0.102, 0.007) and proportion of optimal birth weight (-1.5%, 95% CI -3.6, 0.5) in the whole study population, with stronger associations observed for male infants. Maternal p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene concentrations were associated with reduced ponderal index in male infants (β=-0.171, 95% CI -0.269, -0.074). A ln-unit increase in plasma hexachlorobenzene concentrations was associated with a 5% increase in POBW in male infants (95% CI 0.67, 9.5). Increased urinary barium was associated with increased birth length and POBL and decreased ponderal index in boys. Conversely, urinary concentrations of caesium and rubidium were found to be associated with decreased foetal growth in female infants. This study supports the growing body of evidence regarding the reductions in foetal growth associated with β-hexachlorocyclohexane and p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene as well as reporting new relationships between metals exposures and birth outcomes. The finding that maternal exposure to barium, strontium, rubidium and caesium was associated with birth outcomes requires confirmation in larger studies. Similarly the apparent differences in susceptibility based on sex of the infant requires further investigation.
产前暴露于持久性污染物与不良出生结局有关，尽管很少有研究调查婴儿性别对其的影响。性别特异性差异与环境暴露对神经行为的影响有关，但与持久性污染物有关的研究结果有限且相互矛盾。本研究调查了母体在生物样本中接触一系列金属、多氯联苯和农药与出生结局之间的关系，特别关注婴儿的性别。使用的结局测量包括出生体重、出生长度和头围、最佳出生体重比例（POBW）、最佳出生长度比例、最佳头围比例（POHC）和 ponderal 指数。一般来说，母体尿液和血液中的金属、血浆多氯联苯和农药浓度较低。在调整后的回归模型中，血浆β-六氯环己烷浓度每增加一个自然对数单位，与出生体重下降（-76g，95%CI-149，-33）、 ponderal 指数下降（-0.048，95%CI0.102，0.007）和最佳出生体重比例下降（-1.5%，95%CI-3.6，0.5）有关，在整个研究人群中，男性婴儿的关联更强。母体 p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯浓度与男性婴儿的 ponderal 指数降低有关（β=-0.171，95%CI-0.269，-0.074）。血浆六氯苯浓度每增加一个自然对数单位，与男性婴儿的 POBW 增加 5%有关（95%CI0.67，9.5）。尿钡增加与男孩出生长度和 POBL 增加以及 ponderal 指数降低有关。相反，尿铯和铷浓度与女婴胎儿生长减少有关。本研究支持越来越多的证据表明，β-六氯环己烷和 p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯与胎儿生长减少有关，并报告了金属暴露与出生结局之间的新关系。在更大的研究中需要确认母体暴露于钡、锶、铷和铯与出生结局之间的关系。同样，基于婴儿性别的易感性差异需要进一步研究。
