Research Group in AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Universitat de Lleida (UdL)-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
Research Group in AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Universitat de Lleida (UdL)-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 20;714:136666. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136666. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
Spray drift generated in the application of plant protection products in tree crops (3D crops) is a major source of environmental contamination, with repercussions for human health and the environment. Spray drift contamination acquires greater relevance in the EU Southern Zone due to the crops structure and the weather conditions. Hence, there is a need to evaluate spray drift when treating the most representative 3D crops in this area. For this purpose, 4 spray drift tests, measuring airborne and sedimenting spray drift in accordance with ISO 22866:2005, were carried out for 4 different crops (peach, citrus, apple and grape) in orchards of the EU Southern Zone, using an air-blast sprayer equipped with standard (STN) and spray drift reduction (DRN) nozzle types. A further 3 tests were carried out to test a new methodology for the evaluation of spray drift in real field conditions using a LiDAR system, in which the spray drift generated by different sprayer and nozzle types was contrasted. The airborne spray drift potential reduction (DPR) values, obtained following the ISO 22866:2005, were higher than those for sedimenting spray drift potential reduction (DPR) (63.82%-94.42% vs. 39.75%-69.28%, respectively). For each crop and nozzle type combination, a sedimenting spray drift model was also developed and used to determine buffer zone width. The highest buffer width reduction (STN vs DRN) was obtained in peach (˃75%), while in grape, citrus and apple only 50% was reached. These results can be used as the starting point to determine buffer zone width in the countries of the EU Southern Zone depending on different environmental threshold values. Tests carried out using LiDAR system demonstrated high capacity and efficiency of this system and this newly defined methodology, allowing sprayer and nozzle types in real field conditions to be differentiated and classified.
在树木作物（三维作物）中使用植保产品时产生的喷雾漂移是环境污染的主要来源，对人类健康和环境都有影响。由于作物结构和天气条件的原因，喷雾漂移污染在欧盟南部地区更为突出。因此，需要评估该地区最具代表性的三维作物的喷雾漂移情况。为此，在欧盟南部地区的果园中，使用配备标准（STN）和喷雾漂移减少（DRN）喷嘴类型的风送式喷雾器，进行了 4 项喷雾漂移测试，根据 ISO 22866：2005 测量空气中和沉降的喷雾漂移。另外还进行了 3 项测试，以使用激光雷达系统测试一种新的评估实际田间条件下喷雾漂移的方法，其中对比了不同喷雾器和喷嘴类型产生的喷雾漂移。根据 ISO 22866：2005 获得的空气传播喷雾漂移潜在减少（DPR）值高于沉降喷雾漂移潜在减少（DPR）值（分别为 63.82%-94.42%和 39.75%-69.28%）。对于每种作物和喷嘴类型组合，还开发并使用了沉降喷雾漂移模型来确定缓冲区宽度。在桃树（>75%）中获得的缓冲区宽度减少量最大（STN 与 DRN），而在葡萄、柑橘和苹果中仅达到 50%。这些结果可以作为确定欧盟南部地区各国缓冲区宽度的起点，具体取决于不同的环境阈值。使用激光雷达系统进行的测试证明了该系统和新定义的方法具有很高的能力和效率，允许在实际田间条件下区分和分类喷雾器和喷嘴类型。
