School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2017 Jun 1;133:4-19. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.001. Epub 2016 Oct 5.
The introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice revolutionized the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Before the introduction of antibiotics, these diseases were the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human populations. This review presents a brief history of discovery of the main antimicrobial classes (arsphenamines, β-lactams, sulphonamides, polypeptides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, lipopeptides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, streptogramins, ansamycins, quinolones, and lincosamides) that have changed the landscape of contemporary medicine. Given within a historical timeline context, the review discusses how the introduction of certain antimicrobial classes affected the morbidity and mortality rates due to bacterial infectious diseases in human populations. Problems of resistance to antibiotics of different classes are also extensively discussed.
抗生素在临床实践中的引入彻底改变了传染病的治疗和管理方式。在抗生素引入之前，这些疾病是导致人群发病率和死亡率的主要原因。本文简要回顾了主要抗菌药物类别（砷凡纳明、β-内酰胺类、磺胺类、多肽类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、安莎霉素类、脂肽类、大环内酯类、唑烷酮类、糖肽类、链阳菌素类、蒽环类、喹诺酮类和林可酰胺类）的发现历史，这些药物类别改变了当代医学的面貌。本文结合历史时间线，讨论了某些抗菌药物类别的引入如何影响人群中因细菌感染性疾病导致的发病率和死亡率。此外，还广泛讨论了不同类别抗生素耐药性的问题。
