Guedes-Martins Luís
Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:395-407. doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_81.
Chronic hypertension is frequently encountered during pregnancy and needs to be distinguished from other hypertensive complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The prevalence of this pregnancy complication is attributable to the increased prevalence of obesity and maternal age at childbearing. Women with chronic arterial hypertension are at increased risk for several pregnancy complications, including superimposed preeclampsia, caesarean delivery, preterm delivery <37 weeks gestation, birth weight <2500 g, neonatal unit admission, and perinatal death. Therefore, specialized attention should be given to these women as part of family planning before conception to provide counseling about the pregnancy risks, to inform about surveillance of fetal well-being, to determine the timing of delivery, and to optimize BP control before, during, and after birth.
慢性高血压在孕期较为常见，需要与其他妊娠高血压并发症，如子痫前期和妊娠期高血压相鉴别。这种妊娠并发症的患病率归因于肥胖率的上升和孕产妇生育年龄的增加。患有慢性动脉高血压的女性出现几种妊娠并发症的风险增加，包括子痫前期、剖宫产、孕周<37周的早产、出生体重<2500g、新生儿入住新生儿病房以及围产期死亡。因此，在孕前计划生育时，应特别关注这些女性，为她们提供有关妊娠风险的咨询，告知胎儿健康监测情况，确定分娩时机，并在产前、产中及产后优化血压控制。
