Diez Roux Ana V, Mujahid Mahasin S, Hirsch Jana A, Moore Kari, Moore Latetia V
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Glob Heart. 2016 Sep;11(3):353-363. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.08.002.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death and a major source of health disparities in the Unites States and globally. Efforts to reduce CVD risk and eliminate cardiovascular health disparities have increasingly emphasized the importance of the social determinants of health. Neighborhood environments have emerged as a possible target for prevention and policy efforts. Hence there is a need to better understand the role of neighborhood environments in shaping cardiovascular risk. The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Neighborhood Study provided a unique opportunity to build a comprehensive place-based resource for investigations of associations between specific features of neighborhood physical and social environments and cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. This review summarizes the approaches used to characterize residential neighborhood environments in the MESA cohort, provides an overview of key findings to date, and discusses challenges and opportunities in neighborhood health effects research. Results to date suggest that neighborhood physical and social environments are related to behavioral and biomedical risk factors for CVD and that cardiovascular prevention efforts may benefit from taking neighborhood context into account.
心血管疾病（CVD）仍然是美国乃至全球主要的死亡原因和健康差距的主要来源。降低心血管疾病风险和消除心血管健康差距的努力越来越强调健康的社会决定因素的重要性。邻里环境已成为预防和政策努力的一个可能目标。因此，有必要更好地了解邻里环境在塑造心血管疾病风险方面的作用。动脉粥样硬化多族裔研究（MESA）邻里研究提供了一个独特的机会，来建立一个全面的基于地点的资源，用于调查邻里物理和社会环境的特定特征与心血管疾病风险因素及结果之间的关联。本综述总结了用于描述MESA队列中居住邻里环境的方法，概述了迄今为止的主要发现，并讨论了邻里健康影响研究中的挑战和机遇。迄今为止的结果表明，邻里物理和社会环境与心血管疾病的行为和生物医学风险因素有关，心血管疾病预防工作可能会受益于考虑邻里背景因素。
