Sofuoğlu Zeynep, Sarıyer Görkem, Ataman M Gökalp
Association of Emergency Ambulance Physicians, Izmir, Turkey.
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2016 Sep;24(3):217-222. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4155.
Child maltreatment, i.e. abuse and neglect, is a significant problem worldwide and can cause impaired physical and mental health throughout life. The true extent still remains unknown in all countries, including Turkey. The aim of this study was to apply the two versions of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool of ICAST-C and ICAST-P, which are used to assess child and parent feedback and to compare reports given by children and those given by parents. This is the first study of its kind conducted in Turkey.
First, ICAST was translated into Turkish by bilingual experts. Students and their parents were asked to complete ICAST-C and ICAST-P respectively, with the help of trained researchers. In total, data from 2,608 matched reports (2,608 children and 2,608 parents) was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographical variables, and chi-square tests were employed to investigate the statistical significance of comparisons.
The present study demonstrated that Turkish parents consider rebukes, insults and corporal punishment effective ways of disciplining children. According to parents' reports, the use of psychological abuse was most prevalent against boys aged 16, while the use of physical abuse was most prevalent against boys aged 13. A statistically significant relationship was found between parents' economic conditions and child abuse (p<0.01). No significant relationship was detected between maternal educational levels and child abuse (p>0.05). However, the relationship between paternal educational background and psychological abuse was observed to be significant (p<0.05). A comparison of children's and parents' reports shows that parents tended to under-report child maltreatment.
The results show that there is a significant healthcare problem in Turkey, since child maltreatment is prevalent, but parents are not generally aware of its extent. Possible approaches to changing this situation include efforts to increase education levels, promoting public awareness, and strengthening political commitments.
儿童虐待，即虐待和忽视，是一个全球性的重大问题，会导致一生的身心健康受损。包括土耳其在内的所有国家，其真实程度仍不为人知。本研究的目的是应用国际预防儿童虐待和忽视协会（ISPCAN）的两种版本的儿童虐待筛查工具ICAST - C和ICAST - P，用于评估儿童和家长的反馈，并比较儿童和家长给出的报告。这是在土耳其进行的首例此类研究。
首先，由双语专家将ICAST翻译成土耳其语。在经过培训的研究人员的帮助下，要求学生及其家长分别完成ICAST - C和ICAST - P。总共获得了2608份匹配报告（2608名儿童和2608名家长）的数据。描述性统计用于评估人口统计学变量，卡方检验用于调查比较的统计学意义。
本研究表明，土耳其父母认为斥责、侮辱和体罚是管教孩子的有效方式。根据父母的报告，心理虐待在16岁男孩中最为普遍，而身体虐待在13岁男孩中最为普遍。发现父母的经济状况与儿童虐待之间存在统计学上的显著关系（p<0.01）。未发现母亲教育水平与儿童虐待之间存在显著关系（p>0.05）。然而，观察到父亲的教育背景与心理虐待之间的关系具有显著性（p<0.05）。儿童和家长报告的比较表明，家长往往少报儿童虐待情况。
结果表明，土耳其存在重大的医疗保健问题，因为儿童虐待很普遍，但家长通常并未意识到其程度。改变这种状况的可能方法包括努力提高教育水平、提高公众意识以及加强政治承诺。
