Neelamegham Sriram, Mahal Lara K
Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Clinical & Translational Research Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2016 Oct;40:145-152. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Oct 13.
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous mammalian post-translational modification that both decorates a majority of expressed proteins and regulates their function. Cellular glycan biosynthesis is facilitated by a few hundred enzymes that are collectively termed 'glycoenzymes'. The expression and activity of these enzymes is controlled at the transcription, translation and post-translation levels. New wet-lab advances are providing analytical methods to collect large-scale data at these multiple levels, relational databases are starting to collate these results, and computer models are beginning to integrate this information across scales in order to gain new knowledge. These activities are likely to enable the qualitative and quantitative mapping of pathways regulating glycan production and function in proteins, cells and tissue.
糖基化是一种普遍存在的哺乳动物翻译后修饰，它既能修饰大多数表达的蛋白质，又能调节其功能。细胞聚糖生物合成由几百种酶共同促进，这些酶统称为“糖基酶”。这些酶的表达和活性在转录、翻译和翻译后水平受到控制。新的湿实验室进展正在提供分析方法，以便在这些多个层面收集大规模数据，关系数据库开始整理这些结果，计算机模型也开始跨尺度整合这些信息，以获取新知识。这些活动可能会实现对蛋白质、细胞和组织中调节聚糖产生和功能的途径进行定性和定量绘图。
