Sartori Chiara, Lazzeroni Pietro, Merli Silvia, Patianna Viviana Dora, Viaroli Francesca, Cirillo Francesca, Amarri Sergio, Street Maria Elisabeth
Department of Paediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:4981916. doi: 10.1155/2016/4981916. Epub 2016 Sep 26.
Adipokines are cytokines produced mainly by adipose tissue, besides many other tissues such as placenta, ovaries, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, and bone marrow. Adipokines play a significant role in the metabolic syndrome and in cardiovascular diseases, have implications in regulating insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and have significant effects on growth and reproductive function. The objective of this review was to analyze the functions known today of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin from placenta throughout childhood and adolescence. It is well known now that their serum concentrations during pregnancy and lactation have long-term effects beyond the fetus and newborn. With regard to puberty, adipokines are involved in the regulation of the relationship between nutritional status and normal physiology or disorders of puberty and altered gonadal function, as, for example, premature pubarche and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Cytokines are involved in the maturation of oocytes and in the regular progression of puberty and pregnancy.
脂肪因子是主要由脂肪组织产生的细胞因子，此外，胎盘、卵巢、外周血单核细胞、肝脏、肌肉、肾脏、心脏和骨髓等许多其他组织也能产生。脂肪因子在代谢综合征和心血管疾病中发挥重要作用，对调节胰岛素敏感性和炎症有影响，对生长和生殖功能也有显著作用。本综述的目的是分析从儿童期到青春期整个过程中，脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和胎盘内脂素目前已知的功能。现在已经清楚的是，它们在孕期和哺乳期的血清浓度对胎儿和新生儿之外的个体具有长期影响。关于青春期，脂肪因子参与调节营养状况与青春期正常生理或紊乱以及性腺功能改变（如青春期早发和多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS））之间的关系。细胞因子参与卵母细胞的成熟以及青春期和妊娠的正常进程。
