a Hospitalito Atitlán, Canton Ch'utch'aj, Santiago Atitlán , Sololá , Guatemala, Central America.
Ethn Health. 2017 Oct;22(5):541-550. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1244739. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
The purpose of this study was to (1) describe and compare two obstetric Mayan populations in Guatemala, the Tz'utujil and the Kachiquel and (2) evaluate possible associations of demographics, wood fuel use, and obesity with pregnancy/newborn outcomes.
This cross-sectional study interviewed participants at the time of routine obstetric ultrasounds at three institutions in Santiago Atitlán and one institution in San Lucas Tolimán. Data were collected from January 2010 to May 2013. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using EPI Info 7.1.2.0 (CDC).
The two populations were similar in maternal age, BMI, ownership of a phone, gravidity (number of times a women has been pregnant), history of spontaneous abortions, history of term pregnancies, newborn birth weights, cesarean section rate, and percentage of low-birth-weight newborns (LBW < 2500 g). Obesity was present in 22% of the combined surveyed populations. Low-birth-weight newborns and newborn macrosomia (newborn birth weight greater than 4000 g) were present in 5.5% and 3.7%, respectively. The newborn gender ratio (male to female) was equal to 0.92. The two populations differed in ownership of gas stoves and percentage of newborn macrosomia. Significant associations included: (1) female newborn gender and low birth weight, (2) obesity and newborn macrosomia, and (3) obesity and male gender.
The two Mayan populations were similar in many of the obstetric variables. The percentage of low-birth-weight infants (5.5%) is considerably lower than reported prevalence data for Guatemala. The obstetric characteristics, differences, and similarities between these two Mayan populations should help in policy planning for obstetric care for these two populations and possibly other indigenous populations in Guatemala.
本研究旨在：(1) 描述并比较危地马拉的两个玛雅人群体，即 Tz'utujil 和 Kachiquel；(2) 评估人口统计学、木柴使用和肥胖与妊娠/新生儿结局的可能关联。
这项横断面研究在圣地亚哥阿提特兰的三个机构和圣卢卡斯托利曼的一个机构进行常规产科超声检查时对参与者进行了访谈。数据收集于 2010 年 1 月至 2013 年 5 月。数据录入和统计分析使用 EPI Info 7.1.2.0（CDC）进行。
两个群体的产妇年龄、BMI、拥有电话、孕次（女性怀孕的次数）、自然流产史、足月妊娠史、新生儿出生体重、剖宫产率和低出生体重儿（LBW < 2500 g）百分比相似。合并调查人群中肥胖的发生率为 22%。低出生体重儿和新生儿巨大儿（新生儿出生体重大于 4000 g）的发生率分别为 5.5%和 3.7%。新生儿性别比例（男婴与女婴）为 0.92。两个群体在煤气炉拥有率和新生儿巨大儿百分比方面存在差异。有显著关联的因素包括：（1）女性新生儿性别与低出生体重，（2）肥胖与新生儿巨大儿，以及（3）肥胖与男性性别。
这两个玛雅人群体在许多产科变量方面相似。低出生体重儿（5.5%）的比例明显低于危地马拉报告的流行率数据。这两个玛雅人群体的产科特征、差异和相似性，应有助于为这两个群体以及危地马拉其他可能的土著人群制定产科护理政策。
