Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Oct;119(10):1489-94. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002928. Epub 2011 Jun 7.
A growing body of evidence indicates a relationship between household indoor air pollution from cooking fires and adverse neonatal outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW), in resource-poor countries.
We examined the effect of reduced wood smoke exposure in pregnancy on LBW of Guatemalan infants in RESPIRE (Randomized Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects).
Pregnant women (n = 266) either received a chimney stove (intervention) or continued to cook over an open fire (control). Between October 2002 and December 2004 we weighed 174 eligible infants (69 to mothers who used a chimney stove and 105 to mothers who used an open fire during pregnancy) within 48 hr of birth. Multivariate linear regression and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to estimate differences in birth weight and LBW (< 2,500 g) associated with chimney-stove versus open-fire use during pregnancy.
Pregnant women using chimney stoves had a 39% reduction in mean exposure to carbon monoxide compared with those using open fires. LBW prevalence was high at 22.4%. On average, infants born to mothers who used a stove weighed 89 g more [95% confidence interval (CI), -27 to 204 g] than infants whose mothers used open fires after adjusting for maternal height, diastolic blood pressure, gravidity, and season of birth. The adjusted OR for LBW was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.33-1.66) among infants of stove users compared with open-fire users. Average birth weight was 296 g higher (95% CI, 109-482 g) in infants born during the cold season (after harvest) than in other infants; this unanticipated finding may reflect the role of maternal nutrition on birth weight in an impoverished region.
A chimney stove reduced wood smoke exposures and was associated with reduced LBW occurrence. Although not statistically significant, the estimated effect was consistent with previous studies.
越来越多的证据表明，烹饪火灾导致的家庭室内空气污染与资源匮乏国家新生儿不良结局（如低出生体重（LBW））之间存在关联。
我们在 RESPIRE（室内污染和呼吸影响的随机暴露研究）中研究了怀孕期间减少木烟暴露对危地马拉婴儿 LBW 的影响。
266 名孕妇（n=266）要么使用烟囱炉（干预组），要么继续在明火上做饭（对照组）。在 2002 年 10 月至 2004 年 12 月期间，我们在婴儿出生后 48 小时内对 174 名符合条件的婴儿（69 名母亲在怀孕期间使用烟囱炉，105 名母亲在怀孕期间使用明火）进行了称重。使用多元线性回归和调整后的优势比（OR）来估计与怀孕期间使用烟囱炉与明火相关的出生体重和 LBW（<2500g）差异。
与使用明火的孕妇相比，使用烟囱炉的孕妇一氧化碳暴露平均减少 39%。LBW 的患病率很高，为 22.4%。在调整了母亲身高、舒张压、孕次和出生季节后，平均而言，使用炉子的母亲所生的婴儿比使用明火的母亲所生的婴儿体重多 89 克（95%置信区间[CI]，-27 至 204 克）。与使用明火的孕妇相比，使用炉子的孕妇的 LBW 调整后的 OR 为 0.74（95%CI，0.33-1.66）。在寒冷季节（收获后）出生的婴儿比其他婴儿的平均出生体重高 296 克（95%CI，109-482 克）；这一意外发现可能反映了在贫困地区，产妇营养对出生体重的作用。
烟囱炉减少了木烟暴露，与降低 LBW 发生率有关。尽管没有统计学意义，但估计的效果与之前的研究一致。
