Fraize Nicolas, Carponcy Julien, Joseph Mickaël Antoine, Comte Jean-Christophe, Luppi Pierre-Hervé, Libourel Paul-Antoine, Salin Paul-Antoine, Malleret Gaël, Parmentier Régis
Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Biphoton Internal Facility, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Sleep. 2016 Dec 1;39(12):2173-2188. doi: 10.5665/sleep.6322.
It is commonly accepted that sleep is beneficial to memory processes, but it is still unclear if this benefit originates from improved memory consolidation or enhanced information processing. It has thus been proposed that sleep may also promote forgetting of undesirable and non-essential memories, a process required for optimization of cognitive resources. We tested the hypothesis that non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) promotes forgetting of irrelevant information, more specifically when processing information in working memory (WM), while REM sleep (REMS) facilitates the consolidation of important information.
We recorded sleep patterns of rats trained in a radial maze in three different tasks engaging either the long-term or short-term storage of information, as well as a gradual level of interference.
We observed a transient increase in REMS amount on the day the animal learned the rule of a long-term/reference memory task (RM), and, in contrast, a positive correlation between the performance of rats trained in a WM task involving an important processing of interference and the amount of NREMS or slow wave activity. Various oscillatory events were also differentially modulated by the type of training involved. Notably, NREMS spindles and REMS rapid theta increase with RM training, while sharp-wave ripples increase with all types of training.
These results suggest that REMS, but also rapid oscillations occurring during NREMS would be specifically implicated in the long-term memory in RM, whereas NREMS and slow oscillations could be involved in the forgetting of irrelevant information required for WM.
人们普遍认为睡眠对记忆过程有益，但这种益处是否源于记忆巩固的改善或信息处理能力的增强仍不清楚。因此，有人提出睡眠也可能促进对不良和非必要记忆的遗忘，这是优化认知资源所必需的过程。我们测试了以下假设：非快速眼动睡眠（NREMS）促进对无关信息的遗忘，更具体地说是在工作记忆（WM）中处理信息时，而快速眼动睡眠（REMS）则有助于重要信息的巩固。
我们记录了在放射状迷宫中接受训练的大鼠的睡眠模式，这些大鼠参与了三种不同的任务，这些任务涉及信息的长期或短期存储以及逐渐增加的干扰水平。
我们观察到，在动物学习长期/参考记忆任务（RM）规则的当天，REMS量短暂增加，相反，在涉及重要干扰处理的WM任务中接受训练的大鼠的表现与NREMS量或慢波活动之间存在正相关。各种振荡事件也受到所涉及训练类型的不同调节。值得注意的是，RM训练时NREMS纺锤波和REMS快速θ波增加，而所有类型的训练都会使尖波涟漪增加。
这些结果表明，REMS以及NREMS期间出现的快速振荡可能与RM中的长期记忆特别相关，而NREMS和慢振荡可能参与WM所需的无关信息的遗忘。
